break-bulk carrier
A ship mainly carrying miscellaneous goods in packages, boxes or bundles. Cargo ship is a ship specially responsible for transporting all kinds of goods on water. It can be divided into dry cargo ship and liquid cargo ship. General cargo ship is a kind of dry cargo ship. Generally speaking, a 10000 DWT cargo ship means that its carrying capacity is about 10000 tons or more, while its total carrying capacity and full displacement are much larger.
Ten thousand ton general cargo ships are generally double deck ships, with 4-6 cargo holds. Each cargo hold has a cargo hatch on the deck, and cargo booms capable of lifting 5-20 tons are installed on both sides of the cargo hatch. Some ships are also equipped with heavy Suspenders for lifting heavy goods, with a lifting capacity of 60-150 tons. The cargo ship with special requirements is equipped with huge V-shaped lifting boom, which can lift hundreds of tons. In order to improve loading and unloading efficiency, some cargo ships are equipped with rotary crane.
The development of a multi-purpose dry cargo ship, it can carry general packaging groceries, but also bulk cargo and container cargo. This kind of cargo ship is more applicable and efficient than the general general cargo ship carrying single cargo.
General cargo ships are widely used, ranking first in tonnage in the world's merchant fleet. The tonnage of general cargo ships sailing in inland waters is hundreds or thousands of tons, while the tonnage of general cargo ships in ocean transportation is more than 20000 tons. It is required that the general cargo ship should have good economy and safety instead of pursuing high speed. The general cargo ship usually sails in each port according to the specific situation of the cargo source and the freight demand, and has a fixed shipping schedule and route. The general cargo ship has a strong longitudinal structure. The bottom of the ship is mostly a double-layer structure. The fore and aft peak tanks are set at the bow and stern of the ship. It can be used to store fresh water or load ballast water to adjust the trim of the ship at ordinary times. In case of collision, it can prevent the sea water from entering the main tank and play a safe role. There are two or three decks above the hull, and several cargo holds are set up. The hatch is sealed with watertight hatch cover to prevent water from entering. The engine room is arranged in the middle or at the tail, which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The trim of the hull can be adjusted in the middle, and the cargo space can be arranged in the rear. There are cargo lifters on both sides of the hatch. In order to load and unload heavy parts, heavy suspenders are usually equipped. In order to improve the adaptability of general cargo ship to all kinds of cargo transportation and to carry large cargo, container, general cargo and some bulk cargo, modern new general cargo ship is often designed as multi-purpose ship.
