Flanges are mechanical components used to connect pipes, valves, pumps, and other equipment in a piping system. They provide a secure, leak-proof joint that can be easily assembled or disassembled for maintenance or inspection. Flanges are typically circular discs with bolt holes, and they are joined together using bolts and a gasket to ensure a tight seal. Common types include weld neck, slip-on, blind, socket weld, lap joint, and threaded flanges. Flanges are made from materials such as carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, or PVC, depending on the system’s pressure, temperature, and fluid compatibility.