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An oil pump jack is an above-ground mechanical machine used to lift crude oil from a well when underground pressure is too low. It is also known as a beam pump, nodding donkey, or horse head pump.

Main Parts of a Pump jack

Prime Mover: An electric motor or gas engine that powers the system.

Gearbox: Reduces speed and increases twisting power (torque) to move heavy loads.

Walking Beam: A long horizontal arm that rocks up and down like a seesaw.

Horsehead: The curved metal piece at the front that holds the cable straight up and down.

Sucker Rods: A long string of steel rods going down into the well to drive the pump at the bottom.

How It Works

The motor spins a crank with heavy counterweights, turning circular motion into an up-and-down rocking motion.

The walking beam moves the sucker rods up and down inside the well.

A down hole valve system pulls oil up on the upward stroke and holds it in place on the downward stroke, gradually bringing the oil to the surface