A bollard is a sturdy, short, vertical post. The term originally referred to a post on a ship or quay used principally for mooring boats. It now also refers to posts installed to control road traffic and posts designed to prevent automotive vehicles from colliding or crashing into pedestrians and structures, whether intentional from ram-raids and vehicle-ramming attacks, or unintentional losses of control. The term is probably related to bole, meaning a tree trunk.[1][2][3] The earliest citation given by the Oxford English Dictionary (referring to a maritime bollard) dates from 1844,[1] although a reference in the Caledonian Mercury in 1817 describes bollards as huge posts.[4] Previously, simpler terms such as post appear to have been used. The Norman-French name boulard (still often found in Normandy) and Dutch bolder may be related.