bas-relief of the bulls head in persepolis 3D model

In ancient times, the bull was a symbol with deep and multifaceted meanings. In many ancient cultures, the bull was considered a symbol of the moon, due to the moon's influence on natural cycles such as tides and plant growth. In the constellation Taurus (the Bull), this symbol was recognized as one of the important constellations in ancient astronomy.

Additionally, the bull symbolized the beginning of spring, fertility, and abundance. In many cultures, the bull, as an animal that plows the earth and aids agriculture, represented life, growth, and prosperity.

Another meaning of the bull symbol is stability and strength. For this reason, this symbol was used in the architecture of Persepolis, particularly in its columns and palaces. The bull, as a strong and resilient creature, symbolized the power and stability of the Achaemenid Empire. At Persepolis, column capitals shaped like bulls can be seen, which not only have a decorative purpose but also represent power and protection.

In general, the bull in ancient cultures, including in ancient Iran, was a multifaceted symbol encompassing concepts such as the moon, fertility, stability, and power. This symbol held a special place in art, architecture, and mythology and was recognized as an important cultural and religious element.