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Belyana (barka) is a wooden unpainted flat-bottomed barge used for timber rafting on the Volga and Kama rivers in the XIX — early XX century.
Belyanas were built in places of timber extraction in the Upper Volga region and on the Kama River, and were designed only for one trip downstream. Structurally, they were descendants of the nozzles and preserved many of their properties. The main cargo was wood, in some cases bast, matting and other similar goods. For control, they were equipped with a sail made of matting. The length of the hull reached 100 meters, width-25 meters, height-5 meters, load capacity-up to 10,000 tons. The material of the hull was the best timber, but the hull was not tarred, which determined the name of such a vessel. The cargo could be placed in the hull and in the superstructure with a gradual expansion over the sides (up to 2.5-3 meters). The upper deck was not provided, and the acceptable strength of the ship's structure was achieved by dense laying of loaded timber. Two or three gates for anchors and lots were installed directly on top of the stowed cargo, as well as cauldrons were erected, where the team lived during the rafting [2].
The belyans were mainly rafted to Tsaritsyn (now Volgograd), where the semi-finished wood and the hull were disassembled for firewood or went to sawmills for final processing.
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