












The Mark 13 was the United States Navy’s primary aircraft-launched anti-ship torpedo during World War II. Designed for deployment from carrier and land-based aircraft, it was a straight-running, gyroscope-stabilized weapon intended to strike surface ships. It used a wet-heater (steam) propulsion system and carried a high-explosive warhead sized to seriously damage or sink medium and large warships. Early in the war the Mark 13 suffered reliability problems when dropped from typical bombing altitudes and speeds, but modifications to its nose, tail, and drop procedures greatly improved its performance. By mid-war it became a dependable weapon in carrier air strikes, playing a significant role in Pacific naval engagements.