Barrel with Rifling: Rifles are distinguished by their longer barrels, typically featuring spiral grooves on the inside called rifling. These grooves impart a spin to the bullet, improving accuracy and extending effective range.

Stock: Rifles have a stock or buttstock, which is the rear part of the firearm that the shooter holds against their shoulder for stability. The stock can be made from various materials like wood, synthetic materials, or metal.

Trigger: The trigger is the mechanism that, when pulled, releases the firing pin or striker, initiating the firing sequence.

Action Type: Rifles come in various action types, including bolt-action, semi-automatic, and lever-action. Each action type operates differently and affects the rifle's rate of fire.

Caliber: Rifles are available in different calibers, indicating the specific cartridge or ammunition they use. Caliber choice influences factors such as bullet size, velocity, and overall performance.

Sights: Rifles are equipped with sights to aid in aiming. These may include iron sights (front and rear), telescopic scopes, holographic sights, or red dot sights.

Magazine: Many rifles have detachable magazines that hold multiple rounds of ammunition. Bolt-action rifles often have internal magazines or use a single-shot loading system.

Safety Mechanisms: Rifles are equipped with safety features to prevent accidental discharges. These may include manual safeties, trigger safeties, or grip safeties, depending on the firearm's design.

Purpose and Usage: Rifles are designed for specific purposes, such as hunting rifles optimized for different game, precision rifles for competitive shooting, military rifles for combat, and tactical rifles for law enforcement or self-defense.

Accessories: Shooters often customize their rifles with accessories like bipods, slings, muzzle brakes, and more to enhance performance and ergonomics.