Moskvich-412 is a Soviet and Russian rear-wheel drive car of the II group of small class, produced from October 1967 to 1976 in Moscow at the MZMA plant, later renamed AZLK, and from 1967 to April 1999 (separate batches until 2003) at the automobile plant in Izhevsk.

Initially, it was a version of the Moskvich-408 car with a more powerful engine. At AZLK, both models were produced in parallel until 1976, and then, after another restyling and modernization, production continued under the index 2140 (2138-for the M-408). The Moskvich-412 machines of the Izhevsk plant were modernized according to their own program.

In the first years of production, most of the M-412 was exported. The car was assembled in NRB (under the Rila brand) and Belgium (under the Scaldia brand). The glory won by the Muscovites in international rallies at the turn of the sixties and seventies played an important role in promoting on the world market. It was offered domestically until the mid-1990s, and a number of modifications based on it-until the early 2000s.