The kidneys are the main organs of the human urinary system. They are responsible for the excretion of waste substances through urine and have other very important functions, including regulating the balance of the internal environment of the organism (homeostasis), controlling the volume of extracellular fluids, the molarity of plasma blood, electrolyte balance and the pH of the internal environment. In addition, the kidney produces hormones such as erythropoietin, which regulates the production of red blood cells, and renin, which regulates blood pressure.