Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham(965 – 1039) who made significant contributions to the principles of optics, as well as to anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, physics, psychology, visual perception, and to science in general with his introduction of the scientific method.Ibn al-Haytham is regarded as the father of optics for his influential The Book of Optics, which correctly explained and proved the modern intromission theory of visual perception, and for his experiments on optics, including experiments on lenses, mirrors, refraction, reflection, and the dispersion of light into its constituent colors.it is known that Ibn al-Haytham has shown interest in hydrodynamics and even written books on canals and dams.Al-Hakim Bi-amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt, sent for him to discuss Ibn al-Haytham’s plans (that he had perhaps had as a civil engineering high official at Basra) for building a dam on the Nile River.

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