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(All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n-4 png (4096x4096) \n-3 png (2048x2048) \n- Dimensions 72,07 x 45,0 x H14,83cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Steel Pipe Cutting Tool","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/steel-pipe-cutting-tool","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/fj38iweox1tzsf1fe3fr6c4jylsh/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Steel_Pipe_Cutting_Tool_001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/fj38iweox1tzsf1fe3fr6c4jylsh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Steel_Pipe_Cutting_Tool_001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/steel-pipe-cutting-tool","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7210826/6c31e8649f/steel-pipe-cutting-tool-3d-model-6c31e8649f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7213001","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213001,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. ","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213001/d440acb7aa/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-3d-model-d440acb7aa.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7213111","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213111,"title":"Scrap liquefied gas storage 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Flüssiggaslagerbehälter sind Druckbehälter, in denen Flüssiggas gelagert wird. Das so gelagerte Gas dient in der Regel zu Heiz- und Kochzwecken.\n\nFlüssiggaslagerbehälter gibt es in folgenden Ausführungen:[1]\n\noberirdisch\nhalboberirdisch\nunterirdisch\nortsbeweglich (siehe Gasflasche)\nFlüssiggaslagerbehälter sind überwachungsbedürftige Anlagen und müssen regelmäßig durch eine zugelassene Überwachungsstelle geprüft werden. Die Prüffristen betragen in der Regel 10 Jahre.[2]\n\nIn Durchgängen, Durchfahrten, Treppenräumen oder an Treppen von Freianlagen, Fluren, Feuerwehrzufahrten und Notausgängen dürfen Flüssiggasbehälter nicht aufgestellt werden.[3]\n\nFür die Aufstellung und den Betrieb derartiger Behälter sind Technische Regeln, insbesondere die Technische Regeln für Betriebssicherheit TRBS und die Technische Regel Flüssiggas TRF, zu beachten. Flüssiggase sind schwerer als Luft, daher ist bei der Lagerung darauf zu achten, dass eventuell austretendes Gas sich nicht in tiefer liegenden Bereichen ansammelt.[4]","imageAlt":"Scrap liquefied gas storage 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/scrap-liquefied-gas-storage-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/y89au7jqp3jfvk2la6zim83eydx0/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/y89au7jqp3jfvk2la6zim83eydx0/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/scrap-liquefied-gas-storage-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213111/131cef0574/scrap-liquefied-gas-storage-3d-model-3d-model-131cef0574.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"3537819","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3537819,"title":"Corrugated and braid metal hose sleeving","price":15.0,"description":"These are six variations of metal hose sleeving in sections that can be arrayed on cables, hoses and pipes.\n\nThe wire braiding and corrugated bands sections are modeled based on metal sleeving references that are manufactured.\n\nNote:\n\n-This is not a texture, each sleeve section is made with quad geometry that is subdividable.\n\n-The .blend file contains the six sleeve sections with base mesh and inactive array, solidify, bevel and subdivision modifiers for the sleeve sections that requires the modifiers. The demo scene of the arrayed examples in  the previews are not included in the blend file.\n\n-Each sleeve section in the blend file is setup with the array modifier with the offset set and merge enabled to array seamlessly. The sections default internal diameter at the applied scale (1,1,1) is set around the minimum size to merge correctly with blender's default array modifier merge distance value. The sections can be scaled down; however if scale is applied with array modifier active, the array merge distance will have to be adjusted.\n\n-The objs and fbx files contains the sleeve sections in their base mesh as shown in the wireframe previews. The sections can be arrayed and merged seamlessly in other appropriate polygon modeling software with relevant solidify, bevel, subdivision techniques as needed. To array the sections, move offset to overlap and merge overlapping verticies.\n\n-The wire braid sleeve sections can be manipulated to make the wires thicker or thinner before or after arraying using alt+s.\n\nThe sections can be applied to curves using the array and curve modifier non-destructively. These modifiers are memory intensive, and can be applied for smoother post editing and manipulation of sleeve.\n\n-Each sleeve section has a separate obj/mtl file in the objs folder.\n\n-The fbx file contains the six sleeve sections.\n\n\n**Sleeve sections details:**\n\nBlender stats:\n\n- 30 deg flat metal braid: default internal diameter - 48cm, verticies - 984, faces - 444\n\n- 30 deg wire braid: default internal diameter - 48cm, verticies - 23616, faces - 21312\n\n- 45 deg flat metal braid: default internal diameter 100cm, verticies - 1120, faces - 504\n\n- 45 deg wire braid: default internal diameter - 100cm, verticies - 29484, faces - 26460\n\n- Continuous loop rings: default internal diameter - 100cm, verticies - 808, faces - 700\n\n- Corrugated bands: default internal diameter - 200cm, verticies - 976, faces - 960\n\n\n-Material is Blender native. HDRI used is blender default forest.exr for cycles render. HDRI is not set up in blend file.\n\n-Sleeve sections are unwrapped overlapping to be used with PBR texture provided.\n\n- PBR material included is baked generically to be used across all the sections. (in folder, not applied to blend file)\n\n- Textures folder (4k, 8 bit pngs)\n\n-Albedo (silver and bronze maps)\n\n-Metallic\n\n-Roughness\n\n-Normal\n\nSee attached link to sleeves as PBR texture maps:\n\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/miscellaneous/corrugated-and-braid-metal-hose-sleeving-textures\n","imageAlt":"Corrugated and braid metal hose sleeving 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/corrugated-and-braid-metal-hose-sleeving","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/AEu61hRmkot1oo4iwchma98T/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/new%20light%20direction2.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/AEu61hRmkot1oo4iwchma98T/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/new%20light%20direction2.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/corrugated-and-braid-metal-hose-sleeving","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3537819/44254f214f/corrugated-and-braid-metal-hose-sleeving-3d-model-44254f214f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7229890","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7229890,"title":"GYM Dumbbell 25","price":19.0,"description":"GYM Dumbbell 25 is a three-dimensional model of  of hexagonal-shaped weight, commonly used in strength training and fitness exercises.\n\nA gym dumbbell is a simple, compact weight used in strength and fitness exercises. It features a short bar with equal weights on both ends. Available in various materials and sizes, dumbbells are essential for working out multiple muscle groups and are suitable for beginners and advanced users alike.\n\nFor fitness equipment, bodybuilding, physical therapy, personal training, sports equipment, weightlifting, strength conditioning, cross-training, functional fitness, gym accessories, workout tools, exercise routines, muscle building, home workout design projects, home gyms, commercial gyms, and strength training.\n\nGYM Dumbbell 25 is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 4 png (4096x4096)\n\nDimensions 15,69 x 35,38 x H13,59cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"GYM Dumbbell 25","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/sports/equipment/gym-dumbbell-25","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/stgv99fyqh3uynob17c6k9imd0pu/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/GYM_Dumbbell_25_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/stgv99fyqh3uynob17c6k9imd0pu/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/GYM_Dumbbell_25_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/sports/equipment/gym-dumbbell-25","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"sports","subcategorySlug":"equipment","categoryTitle":"Sports","subcategoryTitle":"Equipment","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7229890/3fdb6c1b68/gym-dumbbell-25-3d-model-3fdb6c1b68.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7224591","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7224591,"title":"Rusty Corroded Metal Sphere  4K PBR High-Fidelity Material Asset","price":5.0,"description":"Enhance your digital environments with this ultra-realistic, high-fidelity Rusty Corroded Metal Sphere. Meticulously crafted from AI-generated concepts into a pristine 3D asset (not a 3D scan), this model features heavy weathering, industrial wear, oxidized rust patches, and realistic surface imperfections based on the original asset design seen in Screenshot 2026-06-20 112128.jpg.\n\nBoasting an extreme detail level of 1.5 million polygons, this asset is perfectly optimized for close-up cinematic renders, high-end VFX, automotive visualizations, and industrial design mockups where surface quality is paramount. Equipped with professional 4K PBR textures, the material realistically responds to dynamic lighting environments, capturing the stark contrast between smooth, reflective bare metal and rough, coarse rust.\n\n[ Key Features ]\n- Extreme Detail: 1.5M polygons ensure perfectly smooth curves and detailed displacement without jagged edges.\n- 4K PBR Textures: High-resolution maps for unmatched realism in any rendering engine.\n- Versatile Formats: Fully compatible with major 3D software and AR/VR workflows.\n- Clean Topology: Created from scratch for professional production pipelines.\n\n[ Technical Specifications ]\n- Geometry: High-Fidelity 3D Model (Not a 3D Scan)\n- Polygon Count: 1,500,000 (1.5M)\n- Vertex Count: Approx. 750,000 - 1,500,000\n- Textures: Full PBR Texture Set (Base Color, Roughness, Metallic, Normal, Height/Displacement)\n- Resolution: 4K UHD (4096 x 4096)\n- UV Mapping: Clean, non-overlapping UVs\n\n[ Included File Formats ]\n- Autodesk FBX (.fbx)\n- Wavefront OBJ (.obj)\n- GL Transmission Format (.glb)\n- Stereolithography (.stl)\n- Universal Scene Description (.usdz)","imageAlt":"Rusty Corroded Metal Sphere 4K PBR High-Fidel...","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/natural-textures/rusty-corroded-metal-sphere-4k-pbr-high-fidelity-material-asset","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/0v6ifj9sgeqkco15noj0p7lrhhd7/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Screenshot%202026-06-20%20125749.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/0v6ifj9sgeqkco15noj0p7lrhhd7/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Screenshot%202026-06-20%20125749.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/natural-textures/rusty-corroded-metal-sphere-4k-pbr-high-fidelity-material-asset","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"natural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Natural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7224591/1d9153b391/rusty-corroded-metal-sphere-4k-pbr-high-fidelity-material-asset-3d-model-1d9153b391.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7212570","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212570,"title":"old space observatory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n\n","imageAlt":"old space observatory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212570/063c512247/old-space-observatory-3d-model-3d-model-063c512247.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7210987","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7210987,"title":"Gear Ring D1327mm T100mm M1 Low Poly","price":5.0,"description":" **IMPORTANT:**\n\n- This product includes **digital files only**. No physical item will be shipped.\n- **FBX** and **OBJ** include geometry and basic material IDs only.\n- **STL** format includes geometry data only.\n\nThe 3D model **'Gear Ring D1327mm T100mm M1 Low Poly'** is generic, non-branded, and suitable for commercial and creative projects.\n\nLow-poly ring gear 3D model featuring a clean mechanical shape and optimized geometry. This versatile component is suitable for industrial visualizations, engineering concepts, technical illustrations, and machinery assemblies where a lightweight model is required.\n\nDeveloped in **3ds Max** and optimized for **V-Ray** rendering (all preview images are rendered in 3ds Max/V-Ray). The **BLEND** format also includes materials fully configured for **Cycles** and **Eevee.** The 3D model features realistic proportions and a generalized form, making it suitable for a variety of rendering and production scenarios. Ideal for visualizations, commercials, VFX, motion graphics, cinematics, and film production.\n\n**Available formats:**\n\n- **MAX** (3ds Max 2023, V-Ray 6.1)\n- **MAX** (3ds Max 2015, V-Ray 3.6)\n- **BLEND** (Blender 4.4, Cycles and Eevee)\n- **FBX** 2020 (Autodesk)\n- **OBJ** (Wavefront)\n- **STL** (Stereolithography)\n\n**Geometry:**\n\n- Polygons: **2 280**\n- Triangles: **4 544**\n- Edges: **4 552**\n- Vertices: **2 272**\n\n**Scene details:**\n\n- Clean topology\n- Real-world scale\n- Model positioned at world center X:0 Y:0\n- No cleanup required - simply import and render\n\n","imageAlt":"Gear Ring D1327mm T100mm M1 Low Poly","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/gear-ring-d1327mm-t100mm-m1-low-poly","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ohqiqypg3k8dfzy4qdn9l14lvix5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/_CG_Gear_Ring_D1327mm_T100mm_M1_0000.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ohqiqypg3k8dfzy4qdn9l14lvix5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/_CG_Gear_Ring_D1327mm_T100mm_M1_0000.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/gear-ring-d1327mm-t100mm-m1-low-poly","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-part","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Part","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7210987/2213be6996/gear-ring-d1327mm-t100mm-m1-low-poly-3d-model-2213be6996.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5263607","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5263607,"title":"Hand Tool Bolt Cutter Yellow","price":29.0,"description":"Hand Tool Bolt Cutter Yellow is a three-dimensional model of manual bolt cutter which is a handheld tool designed for cutting through metal rods, bolts, chains, and wires. \n\nManual bolt cutters are essential tools used for cutting through metal objects such as bolts, chains, and wires. They feature long handles with sharp, opposing blades at the end. By exerting pressure on the handles, the blades are brought together to effectively slice through the metal, making them indispensable for various applications in construction, maintenance, and DIY projects.\n\nFor metalworking instruments, industrial equipment, steel handtools, iron metal industry hardware, blacksmith workshop tools, hand work equipment, metal industry craftsman equipment, steel technology toolkits, professional blacksmith accessories, blacksmith workshop equipment, and industrial tools promotional projects.\nHand Tool Bolt Cutter Yellow is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nAlso there are original texture files with all layers. PSD format in particular archive.\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"3D Hand Tool Bolt Cutter Yellow","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/hand-tool-bolt-cutter-yellow","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/BxDGymhwmtptrTENBSKLeW3y/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Hand-Tool-Bolt-Cutter-Yellow-3d-model-003.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/BxDGymhwmtptrTENBSKLeW3y/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Hand-Tool-Bolt-Cutter-Yellow-3d-model-003.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/hand-tool-bolt-cutter-yellow","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5263607/f5cf5cd1f3/hand-tool-bolt-cutter-yellow-3d-model-f5cf5cd1f3.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216525","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216525,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3aabd011-02cf-41ae-9e3e-ed2127666ba5","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c57al8dt94rjl1axdl7gnris0pvq/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c57al8dt94rjl1axdl7gnris0pvq/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3aabd011-02cf-41ae-9e3e-ed2127666ba5","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216525/222d92766b/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-222d92766b.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7213191","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213191,"title":"scrap crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213191/967119b0ee/scrap-crane-3d-model-3d-model-967119b0ee.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2790202","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2790202,"title":"Corrugated galvanized sheets","price":19.0,"description":"Corrugateed galvanized sheets 3D lowpoly model. Multiple import formats\n\n- Modeled on real references\n- 6 textures included in the archives: diffuse, metallic, roughness, ambient occlusion, normals\n- Textures resolution 4096x4096\n- Unwrapped UV's non overlapping\n- 3 LODs: LOD0 1 polygon - LOD1 24 polygons LOD3 70 polygons\n- Linear workflow gamma 2.2 optimized textures\n- Painted in Substance, normals extracted im Substance from Highpoly model\n- Available formats: 3dsMax 2017, Cinema4D 15, fbx, obj, dae, 3ds, wrl, alembic.\n- Textures coordinates preserved in all import formats, some formats may require textures to be reassigned\n- SPP format with all paint layers available upon request\n\nThank you for reading","imageAlt":"Corrugateed galvanized sheets 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/corrugateed-galvanized-sheets","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Pi5MajMjMsnujDdxBf4dCbiS/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/corrgalv_off.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Pi5MajMjMsnujDdxBf4dCbiS/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/corrgalv_off.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/corrugateed-galvanized-sheets","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":188,"name":".wrl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-part","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Part","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2790202/a4f8722bbf/corrugated-galvanized-sheets-3d-model-a4f8722bbf.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7149802","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7149802,"title":"Tag Heuer Aquaracer Professional Marine Watch Grey","price":79.0,"description":"Tag Heuer Aquaracer Professional Marine Watch Grey is a three-dimensional model of Tag Heuer Aquaracer Sport Diving Watch that is a luxury Swiss wristwatch designed for aquatic sports and professional diving activities.\n\nThe Tag Heuer Aquaracer Sport Diving Watch is a specialized Swiss timepiece developed for professional and recreational divers. Its design includes robust waterproofing, clear visibility under low light, and a secure bezel for underwater timing. Balancing utility and elegance, the watch is crafted with precision engineering and embodies Tag Heuer’s tradition of performance-driven luxury watches.\n\nFor professional diving, water sports, marine exploration, horology studies, luxury watch industry, fashion, lifestyle accessories, outdoor activities, jewelry stores, collector markets, sports equipment retailers, and premium timekeeping.\nTag Heuer Aquaracer Professional Marine Watch Grey is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nAlso there are original texture files with all layers. PSD format in particular archive.\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n- 1 png (2048x2048)\n- Dimensions 7,95 x 5,12 x H7,25cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Tag Heuer Aquaracer Professional Marine Watch ...","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/character/clothing/tag-heuer-aquaracer-professional-marine-watch-grey","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/fuuzr2wtj4svusb7sudpwg6loa7q/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Tag_Heuer_Aquaracer_Professional_Marine_Watch_Grey_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/fuuzr2wtj4svusb7sudpwg6loa7q/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Tag_Heuer_Aquaracer_Professional_Marine_Watch_Grey_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/character/clothing/tag-heuer-aquaracer-professional-marine-watch-grey","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":217,"name":".psd","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"character","subcategorySlug":"clothing","categoryTitle":"Character","subcategoryTitle":"Clothing","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7149802/65154258cd/tag-heuer-aquaracer-professional-marine-watch-grey-3d-model-65154258cd.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7230083","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7230083,"title":"GYM Dumbbell 10","price":19.0,"description":"GYM Dumbbell 10 is a three-dimensional model of hexagonal-shaped weight, commonly used in strength training and fitness exercises.\n\nA gym dumbbell is a short bar with weights on both ends, used for strength training. It allows for a wide range of motion and targets various muscles. Dumbbells come in fixed or adjustable types and can be used in pairs or alone. Common in fitness routines, they help improve muscle tone, endurance, and coordination.\n\nFor fitness equipment, home gyms, commercial gyms, strength training, bodybuilding, physical therapy, personal training, sports equipment, weightlifting, strength conditioning, cross-training, functional fitness, gym accessories, workout tools, exercise routines, muscle building, and home workout design projects.\nGYM Dumbbell 10 is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 4 png (4096x4096)\n\nDimensions 12,9 x 30,58 x H11,17cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"GYM Dumbbell 10","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/sports/equipment/gym-dumbbell-10","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ccd0744czy6qjlf9owifk8kc5s08/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/GYM_Dumbbell_10_003.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ccd0744czy6qjlf9owifk8kc5s08/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/GYM_Dumbbell_10_003.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/sports/equipment/gym-dumbbell-10","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"sports","subcategorySlug":"equipment","categoryTitle":"Sports","subcategoryTitle":"Equipment","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7230083/d7af133241/gym-dumbbell-10-3d-model-d7af133241.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7229707","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7229707,"title":"GYM Dumbbell 15","price":19.0,"description":"GYM Dumbbell 15 is a three-dimensional model of hexagonal-shaped weight, commonly used in strength training and fitness exercises.\n\nCrafted with a sturdy iron core and coated in durable rubber, this dumbbell is designed to withstand heavy use while providing a comfortable grip for various workouts. The hexagonal shape prevents rolling, making it ideal for floor exercises and easy storage. Its knurled steel handle ensures a secure hold, enhancing performance and safety during lifts.\n\nFor fitness equipment, home gyms, commercial gyms, strength training, bodybuilding, physical therapy, personal training, sports equipment, weightlifting, strength conditioning, cross-training, functional fitness, gym accessories, workout tools, exercise routines, muscle building, and home workout design projects.\n\nGYM Dumbbell 15 is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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Typically made of metal or rubber, it consists of a bar with two weighted ends. Dumbbells are versatile tools that support a wide range of exercises for different muscle groups in both home and gym settings.\n\nFor fitness equipment, physical therapy, personal training, sports equipment, weightlifting, strength conditioning, cross-training, functional fitness, gym accessories, workout tools, exercise routines, muscle building, home workout design projects, home gyms, commercial gyms, strength training, and bodybuilding.\n\nGYM Dumbbell 5 is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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It consists of a short bar with weights attached on either side. Available in different sizes and styles, dumbbells support exercises for arms, chest, shoulders, and more. They are essential tools in strength training and conditioning workouts.\n\nFor fitness equipment, commercial gyms, strength training, bodybuilding, physical therapy, personal training, sports equipment, weightlifting, strength conditioning, cross-training, functional fitness, gym accessories, workout tools, exercise routines, muscle building, home workout design projects, and home gyms.\n\nGYM Dumbbell 2 is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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They consist of a central grip and weighted ends. Found in most gyms, dumbbells range in size and type, from fixed to adjustable. They\u0026#39;re widely used in building muscle strength, improving balance, and enhancing workout versatility.\n\nFor fitness equipment, strength training, bodybuilding, physical therapy, personal training, sports equipment, weightlifting, strength conditioning, cross-training, functional fitness, gym accessories, workout tools, exercise routines, muscle building, home workout design projects, home gyms, and commercial gyms.\nGYM Dumbbell 30 is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7216447","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/9.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/9.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216447/89e64c2220/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-89e64c2220.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2564251","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2564251,"title":"Conquistador Morion Helmet02","price":14.99,"description":"A morion (Spanish: morrión) is a type of open helmet originally from the Kingdom of Castile (Spain),[1] used from the beginning 16th to early 17th centuries, usually having a flat brim and a crest from front to back. Its introduction was contemporaneous with the exploration of North, Central and South America. Explorers such as Hernando de Soto and Coronado may have supplied them to their foot soldiers in the 1540s.\n\nThis version is the most commun version wearing by spanish, conquistador and many renaissance soldier in the 16th and 17th centuries.\n\nGame ready realtime pbr workflow\n\nYou get :\n- Fbx\n- Obj\n- 3Ds Export file\n- 3Ds max 2016 native file\n- And 4k PBR textures in the Zip file Textures : Base color, Metallic, Roughness, AO, Normals and Height\n\n Thanks and Enjoy !\n\nAll images are rendered with Marmoset toolbag.","imageAlt":"Conquistador Morion Helmet02 3D model realtime","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/armor/conquistador-morion-helmet02","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/VRKXfxa588PhGhQGDKmSCD1B/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/screenshot000.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/VRKXfxa588PhGhQGDKmSCD1B/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/screenshot000.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/armor/conquistador-morion-helmet02","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"military","subcategorySlug":"armor","categoryTitle":"Military","subcategoryTitle":"Armor","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2564251/f0e59d9ebb/conquistador-morion-helmet02-3d-model-f0e59d9ebb.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7110639","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7110639,"title":"Industrial Pendant Lamp with Metal Shade Hanging","price":24.0,"description":"Industrial Pendant Lamp with Metal Shade Hanging is a three-dimensional model of classic industrial-style ceiling light fixture, featuring a metal cage design with a wide, dome-shaped shade.\n\nThis model features a metal shade with a warm interior, enclosing a bulb with a protective cage, capturing the essence of industrial design. The fixture is suspended by a twisted cord and attached to a round ceiling mount, evoking a sense of classic elegance paired with modern functionality.\n\nFor interior design projects, architectural visualizations, home decor, commercial spaces, cafes, restaurants, hospitality design, warehouse renovations, contemporary loft designs, set decorations, ambient lighting solutions, vintage-themed interiors, and modern industrial decor.\n\nIndustrial Pendant Lamp with Metal Shade Hanging is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 6 png (4096x4096)\n- Dimensions 27,0 x 27,0 x H158,17cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Industrial Pendant Lamp with Metal Shade Hanging","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/lamp/industrial-pendant-lamp-with-metal-shade-hanging-92f26d26-7363-4b2d-b5dd-030e2a444dc9","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/h3k5fy7j37sz7nezausijk138juf/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Industrial_Pendant_Lamp_with_Metal_Shade_Hanging_006.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/h3k5fy7j37sz7nezausijk138juf/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Industrial_Pendant_Lamp_with_Metal_Shade_Hanging_006.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/lamp/industrial-pendant-lamp-with-metal-shade-hanging-92f26d26-7363-4b2d-b5dd-030e2a444dc9","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"lamp","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Lamp","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7110639/6809c3b320/industrial-pendant-lamp-with-metal-shade-hanging-3d-model-6809c3b320.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216344","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216344,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model ","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216344/eb4d252f63/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-eb4d252f63.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"4914846","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4914846,"title":"60 Metal Smart Materials and 4k PBR Textures - Vol 13","price":9.98,"description":"Presenting a set of 60 high-quality and procedural Metal Smart Materials (.spsm). This comprehensive product includes 60 Metal Smart Materials designed for use in Substance Painter, accompanied by 4K PBR textures. These PBR textures are versatile and compatible with any program that supports PBR textures and height maps.\n\nPackage Contents:\n•\t60 High-quality Metal Smart Materials (SPSM)\n•\t60 Sets of 4K Metal PBR Textures (4096x4096)\n•\tPreview\n\nThe materials are categorized into Different groups:\n- Black Metal\n- Bronzed Metal\n- Colored Metal\n- Copper Metal\n- Gold Metal\n- Patterned Metal\n- Punched Metal\n- Steel\n- White Metal\n- Rusty Metal\n- Aurora\n\n\nNote:\n\n- These materials can ONLY be used within the latest version of Substance Painter.\n\n- Created using Substance Painter 2021.1.1 (7.1.1).\n","imageAlt":"3D model 60 Metal Smart Materials and 4k PBR Textures - 1","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/natural-textures/60-metal-smart-materials-and-4k-pbr-textures-vol-13","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kPaHrM9GDTgbpy6rmgpG9tBW/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/mona-ghafourian-60%20metal-smart-materials%2B4k%20pbr%20textures-vol13-01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kPaHrM9GDTgbpy6rmgpG9tBW/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/mona-ghafourian-60%20metal-smart-materials%2B4k%20pbr%20textures-vol13-01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/natural-textures/60-metal-smart-materials-and-4k-pbr-textures-vol-13","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":100,"name":".pdf","is_native":false},{"id":101,"name":".spp","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"natural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Natural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4914846/8b3f464721/60-metal-smart-materials-and-4k-pbr-textures-vol-13-3d-model-8b3f464721.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7211124","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7211124,"title":"Industrial Tube Cutter Blue","price":29.0,"description":"Industrial Tube Cutter Blue is a three-dimensional model of pipe cutting tool commonly used in plumbing and construction for cutting through metal pipes.\n\nThe pipe cutter is a manual tool designed to cut pipes with precision. It uses a circular blade and a clamping mechanism to rotate around the pipe, gradually tightening until the pipe is cut. It\u0026#39;s widely used in plumbing for cleaner cuts on metal or plastic tubing.\n\nFor plumbing tools, construction equipment, metalworking, pipe fitting, DIY projects, industrial tools, home improvement, tool demonstrations, instructional videos, mechanical engineering, and maintenance tutorials.\nIndustrial Tube Cutter Blue is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nAlso there are original texture files with all layers. PSD format in particular archive.\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2022 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing.Hope you like it!\n\nFeatures:\n\nHigh quality polygonal model, correctly scaled for an accurate representation of the original object.Models resolutions are optimized for polygon efficiency. (In 3ds Max, the Turbosmooth function can be used to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)All colors can be easily modified.Model is fully textured with all materials applied.All textures and materials are included and mapped in every format.No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.No cleaning up necessary just drop your models into the scene and start rendering.No special plugin needed to open scene.Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.Units: centimeters************************File Formats:3ds Max 2022 V-Ray and standard materials scenes************************erikyavrumyan is a team of 3D artists with over a decade of experience in the field. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. 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The setup supports manual operation and is ideal for professional or hobbyist use in crafts, tailoring, leatherwork, and repair tasks. This model features a compact and durable metal container that securely holds a circular punch tool designed for creating clean holes in various materials, along with a buttonhole knife chisel for making precise slits and cuts. \n\nFor leather crafting, garment production, shoe making, metalworking, DIY projects, sewing workshops, upholstery work, tailoring training, precision tool studies, repair shops, fashion accessory crafting, small-scale manufacturing, and education in tool handling promotional projects.\nOld Metal Container with Rusty Tools is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 12 png (4096x4096)\n\nDimensions 8,37 x 13,44 x H9,96cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Old Metal Container with Rusty Tools","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/old-metal-container-with-rusty-tools","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4uptj6u1aasmbuwajyp69hh18pzq/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Old_Metal_Container_with_Rusty_Tools_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4uptj6u1aasmbuwajyp69hh18pzq/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Old_Metal_Container_with_Rusty_Tools_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/old-metal-container-with-rusty-tools","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7183775/0d1e745f4e/old-metal-container-with-rusty-tools-3d-model-0d1e745f4e.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5228797","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5228797,"title":"Aluminum Storage Box Swiss Link Large","price":29.0,"description":"Aluminum Storage Box Swiss Link Large is a three-dimensional model of aluminium metal storage box which is a durable and versatile metal container designed for various storage needs.\n\nThe Swiss Link aluminum storage box is a practical storage solution designed to withstand rugged conditions. Constructed from premium-grade aluminum, it offers exceptional durability while remaining lightweight for ease of transportation. Its spacious interior accommodates various items, ensuring efficient organization for camping trips, workshops, or everyday storage needs. Equipped with secure closures, it safeguards contents from moisture and impacts, making it a reliable choice for both outdoor adventures and professional use.\n\nFor commercial storages, home storing equipment, commercial bedding equipment, metal storing containers, camping store equipment, storages, goods storing equipment, work materials equipment, material supplies, garage storages, and industrial storing containers promotional projects.\nAluminum Storage Box Swiss Link Large is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nAlso there are original texture files with all layers. PSD format in particular archive.\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096X4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Aluminum Storage Box Swiss Link Large 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/household-tools/aluminum-storage-box-swiss-link-large","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/UnNFJ4V1UbiSmWfzsAfjdctj/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Aluminum-Storage-Box-Swiss-Link-Large-3ds-model-002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/UnNFJ4V1UbiSmWfzsAfjdctj/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Aluminum-Storage-Box-Swiss-Link-Large-3ds-model-002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/household-tools/aluminum-storage-box-swiss-link-large","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"household-tools","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Tools","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5228797/d061fe721a/aluminum-storage-box-swiss-link-large-3d-model-d061fe721a.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7212862","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212862,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. 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Please take a moment to share your thoughts and leave a comment !\"**\n\n\n**Thank You**\n","imageAlt":"Rusted Medieval Iron Gate 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/door/rusted-medieval-iron-gate","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/fr7tiowyvxqws2lkr2opkypu503t/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/ID_CGT.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/fr7tiowyvxqws2lkr2opkypu503t/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/ID_CGT.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/door/rusted-medieval-iron-gate","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false},{"id":219,"name":".exr","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"door","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Door","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6811735/cc3d30dd34/rusted-medieval-iron-gate-3d-model-cc3d30dd34.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5192862","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5192862,"title":"20ft MSC Open Top Shipping Container 3D Model Industrial Cargo","price":13.0,"description":"High-quality 20ft MSC Open Top Shipping Container 3D model, ideal for industrial scenes, ports, construction sites, warehouses and game environments.\nThis model is carefully built with realistic proportions and detailed surface textures, ready for professional rendering and visualization.\nOpen top containers have an open top covered by a tarpaulin instead of a solid roof. This enables oversized cargo such as timber and scrap metal to be loaded from the top. Open top containers normally also have end doors, like closed containers, to give flexibility for loading and unloading\n\nFeatures:\n\nAccurate 20ft container dimensions\nOpen top configuration\nHigh resolution textures: 4096 x 4096\nMaps:  Diffuse, Glossiness, ior, Normal map, Refection, Opacity. Extra PBR maps- Occlusion, Metallic, Roughness.\nClean topology\nRealistic industrial wear and surface details\nOptimized geometry\nV-Ray materials included\nRoyalty free license\nReal-world scale\n\nPerfect for:\n\nArchitectural visualization\nIndustrial rendering\nGame environments\nConstruction scenes\nPort and logistics projects\n\nTechnical Details:\n\nNative format: Maya (.ma)\nOther formats: .MAX, .OBJ, .FBX\nRenderer: V-Ray\nClean UV mapping\nOrganized scene\nReady to render","imageAlt":"20ft MSC Open Top Shipping Container 3D Model PBR 1","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/watercraft/industrial-watercraft/20ft-msc-open-top-shipping-container","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vNs44hbq3miYZPzyP6oTS8V5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/MSC_01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vNs44hbq3miYZPzyP6oTS8V5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/MSC_01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/watercraft/industrial-watercraft/20ft-msc-open-top-shipping-container","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":219,"name":".exr","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"watercraft","subcategorySlug":"industrial-watercraft","categoryTitle":"Watercraft","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5192862/6f399aca43/20ft-msc-open-top-shipping-container-3d-model-industrial-cargo-3d-model-6f399aca43.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7220608","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7220608,"title":" old mining tower 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"old mining tower 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-mining-tower-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/bdjkvvwqv8ia0lgrj81p0qnfqcwy/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/bdjkvvwqv8ia0lgrj81p0qnfqcwy/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-mining-tower-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7220608/b6b27555a5/old-mining-tower-3d-model-3d-model-b6b27555a5.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7211094","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7211094,"title":"Gear Spur D568mm T60mm M1 Low Poly","price":6.0,"description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMPORTANT:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThis product includes \u003cstrong\u003edigital files only\u003c/strong\u003e. 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The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2022 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing.Hope you like it!\n\nFeatures:\n\nHigh quality polygonal model, correctly scaled for an accurate representation of the original object.Models resolutions are optimized for polygon efficiency. (In 3ds Max, the Turbosmooth function can be used to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)All colors can be easily modified.Model is fully textured with all materials applied.All textures and materials are included and mapped in every format.No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.No cleaning up necessary just drop your models into the scene and start rendering.No special plugin needed to open scene.Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.Units: generic******************File Formats:3ds Max 2022 V-Ray and standard materials scenes******************erikyavrumyan is a team of 3D artists with over a decade of experience in the field. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders none of the has any postprocessing. On the top of that all the models come with complete UVs and optimized topology, which allows you in no time alter geo or the textures if needed.Also check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.erikyavrumyan 2026","imageAlt":"Colored Nails Set 7216790","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/colored-nails-set-520e57ce-1218-4ecf-8671-f03a2a2af64b","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ggvavlt6cb6hjji08cxuk970gezl/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/colored%20nails%20set-2.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ggvavlt6cb6hjji08cxuk970gezl/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/colored%20nails%20set-2.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/colored-nails-set-520e57ce-1218-4ecf-8671-f03a2a2af64b","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216790/eb1da6244a/colored-nails-set-3d-model-eb1da6244a.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6787273","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6787273,"title":"Retro Flashlight - Old Metal Torch AAA Gameready","price":10.99,"description":"This is the highly detailed, PBR, low-poly, game ready model of an old metal flashlight. \nThis realistic 3D model of a retro flashlight is perfect for mmo, fps, shooter, action, survival, rpg, strategy, horror, battle royale, adventure and other game genres. \nIt can also be used in AR, VR, 3d visualization, movies, TV shows, video clips, cartoons to extend your filming set or render scene. \nThe model was created in Autodesk Maya, textured in Substance Painter and rendered in Marmoset Toolbag.\n\n- **Full Model** has 1,000 triangles / 544 vertices\n- All folders have appropriate naming and sorted correctly\n- Real-life references have shaped the design of this 3D model\n- Optimized and clean topology\n- Realistic textures that are easy to set up\n- All parts are separated and ready for rigging\n- The model is centered and real-world scaled\n\n_What's inside:_\n\n- **Fbx** includes 3D model in .fbx format\n- **Obj** includes 3D model in .obj format\n- **Metal-Rough Textures** includes 4k texture maps in a metallic-roughness pipeline: BaseColor, Height, Metalness, Normal, Roughness, AmbientOcclusion, Opacity, Emissive\n- **UE Textures** includes 4k texture maps for _Unreal Engine_: Albedo, Normal, Occlusion-Roughness-Metallic, Emissive\n- **Unity Textures** includes 4k texture maps for _Unity Engine_: Base Map, Mask Map, Normal, AmbientOcclusion, Emissive\n- **Maya** includes original maya scene with UV unwrapped model\n- **Render** includes High-Res PBR renderings in 4k resolution\n\n_If you'll have any questions - feel free to contact! Please, share your feedback about model I've made - your opinion would be precious!_","imageAlt":"Retro Flashlight - Old Metal Torch AAA Gameready","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/electronics/other/retro-flashlight-old-metal-torch-aaa-gameready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/hr5rgtunvp5ykoeykz15wzbhgfm2/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/cgtrader_cover.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/hr5rgtunvp5ykoeykz15wzbhgfm2/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/cgtrader_cover.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/electronics/other/retro-flashlight-old-metal-torch-aaa-gameready","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"electronics","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Electronics","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6787273/d7a6003673/retro-flashlight-old-metal-torch-aaa-gameready-3d-model-d7a6003673.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true}},{"id":"6875161","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6875161,"title":"Metal Barrel","price":10.0,"description":"+ Hello, I’m Frezzy, founder of Cgivn Studio. Since 2013, we’ve been creating professional 3D models to serve a wide range of creative and commercial needs.\n+ We’re on an exciting journey to create 100,000 high-quality 3D models and more, and we’re picking up speed.\n+ Every model you use helps fuel the next, making professional 3D more affordable, more accessible, and more inspiring for all.\n\n******\nINFORMATION ABOUT THIS 3D MODEL:\n+ High-Poly Subdivision-Ready 3D Model (Multi-format + PBR Textures)\n+ A premium-quality 3D model in Multi-format, built with clean topology and realistic detail. Ideal for Unreal Engine cinematic scenes, product visualization, or close-up rendering. Delivered with hand-crafted PBR texture maps for physically accurate material rendering.\n\n******\nKEY FEATURES\n+ High-Poly Mesh (quad-based, clean geometry, subdivision-ready)\n+ UVs: Non-overlapping, clean unwrapped UV layout\n+ No plugins required, no third-party assets used\n\n******\nINCLUDED PBR TEXTURES:\n+ Base Color (Albedo)\n+ Normal Map (OpenGL format)\n+ Roughness\n+ Metallic\n+ Ambient Occlusion\n+ (Optional: Emissive / Opacity if applicable)\n+ Resolution: 2K \u0026 4K versions included\n+ File Format: PNG (or TGA upon request)\n\n******\nSUITABLE FOR:\n+ Real-time visualization\n+ High-end rendering\n+ 3D printing (if converted)\n+ VFX / cinematic pipelines\n\n******\nWHAT'S INCLUDED:\n+ 3ds Max 2020 and Vray 5.0 ( Native format )\n+ 3ds Max 2020 Standard materials\n+ Maya 2018 Hardware materials\n+ Cinema 4D R21 Standard materials\n+ Blender 4.4 Eevee materials\n+ FBX and OBJ (You can use this format to import them into a lot of different 3D software.)\n+ OBJ Format – Compatible with most 3D software and game engines\n+ All texture maps in organized folders\n+ This model is hand-crafted and royalty-free, with all textures created from scratch. No scanned or third-party assets used.\n\n******\n+ Thank you for supporting and using Cgivn products and services.\n","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/metal-barrel-b60293d7-d879-4fa7-8469-00f53dcc9083","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/v49jdbqydnz4ec9mbe1rwqu980xr/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Metal%20Barrel_001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/v49jdbqydnz4ec9mbe1rwqu980xr/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Metal%20Barrel_001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/metal-barrel-b60293d7-d879-4fa7-8469-00f53dcc9083","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6875161/7adc700f2c/metal-barrel-3d-model-7adc700f2c.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216698","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216698,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216698/9d549abd3d/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-9d549abd3d.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7214286","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7214286,"title":"water tank 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\n\n\nCotton was a difficult raw material for Europe to obtain before it was grown on colonial plantations.[35] Spanish explorers found Native Americans growing sea island (Gossypium barbadense) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sea island cotton was exported from Barbados from the 1650s. Upland cotton was uneconomical because of the difficulty of removing seed, a problem solved by the cotton gin.[13]: 157  A strain of cotton seed brought from Mexico to Na","imageAlt":"water tank 3D model 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2\r\nIndustrial Silo 3\r\nIndustrial Silo 4\r\nIndustrial Silo 5\r\nOld Rusty Water Tower\r\nOld Rusty Wind Pumping Mill\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlease Note, this PBR Textures Only. \r\n38281 Polys / Tris\r\n27991 Verts\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFile Formats :\r\n.MAX Formats\r\n.FBX Formats\r\n.3DS Formats\r\n.Dae Formats\u003c/p\u003e","imageAlt":"Industrial Structures PBR Collection 3D 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and Counter Stool  Tall Chair","price":19.9,"description":"- Overall\n- 38'' H x 18'' W x 20'' D\n- This stool is a great modern bar stool that will add style and substance to your space. The contemporary design features a brushed stainless steel base that adds just the right touch of glamour to the open plan kitchen. The comfortable bucket seat is upholstered in a winning combination of fabric (seat) and faux leather (back). \n- Link model:\n\n- This 3D model was created using 3ds Max (native format) and features high-quality materials with V-Ray.\n- It is optimized for use in architectural visualization, interior and exterior scenes, and rendering projects that require both realism and efficiency.\n- Key Features:\n- Clean topology and organized scene structure\n- Materials are ready for V-Ray rendering\n- Scaled to real-world dimensions\n- Suitable for close-up shots and high-quality renders\n- Included file formats:\n- .max (native)\n- .obj\n- .fbx\n- .stl \n- Model type: Furniture – perfect for modern, classic, or transitional interior design scenes.\n- All models are professionally crafted by the PitBull Team, with attention to detail and usability in mind.\n- Whether you're working on residential, commercial, or outdoor design projects, this model will help bring your vision to life.\n- Thank you for choosing our work. Feel free to check out our full collection for more assets!\n\n- Check out our full collection here:\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/designers/PitBullTeam?referral_id=606824","imageAlt":"Bar and Counter Stool Tall Chair","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/chair/erwin-bar-and-counter-stool","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/LSnaTQo9uW78ivyyxdkTZrzH/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Erwin%2BBar%2B-26%2BCounter%2BStool.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/LSnaTQo9uW78ivyyxdkTZrzH/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Erwin%2BBar%2B-26%2BCounter%2BStool.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/chair/erwin-bar-and-counter-stool","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"chair","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Chair","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3002359/b0c6b461e2/bar-and-counter-stool-tall-chair-3d-model-b0c6b461e2.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7201107","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7201107,"title":"Bunch of Nails Collection","price":10.0,"description":"DescriptionThis is a collection of 4 Bunch of Nails Models. Each asset is a high end, photorealistic 3D model, that is created to help you add the realism to your project. Each model is suitable for any visual production - broadcast, high-res film close-ups, advertising, games, design visualization, forensic presentation, etc.\n\nEach model was originally created in 3Ds Max 2022, then fully textured and rendered using V-Ray.\n\nAll geometry and visual aspects of the model are optimized to give you highest possible quality for up to 2k renders. There is no post-production used on any of the renders you see.\n\nThis collection contains:\n\n1 Steel Nails - $2 2 Golden Nails - $2 3 Bronze Nails - $2 4 Black Nails - $2 - $8 Collection Price: $10 - You save - $2 Features: -Each model is accurately sized to match the real object. -Clean and optimized topology is used for maximum polygon efficiency. -Each model is fully sub-dividable to allow Turbosmooth Iterations to increase mesh smoothness if needed. -All textures and materials are tailored and applied for high quality render results. -All objects have fully unwrapped UVs. -No extra plugins are needed for this model. -Lights and cameras are included in the scenes.\n\nSpecifications:\n\n-Each model is included in 1 file format. -3ds Max V-Ray-Units in all formats: #generic\n\nAdditional Notes:\n\nThis collection was created for 1 minute form our Leading 3D artists to ensure you get the best quality model and save precious production time.\n\nIf you have any questions, you can contact us trough support. Just send a support ticket!","imageAlt":"Bunch of Nails Collection","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/bunch-of-nails-collection","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/23vhtw3nm38l52t2j71p4iemj8dy/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/bunch%20of%20nails%20collection.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/23vhtw3nm38l52t2j71p4iemj8dy/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/bunch%20of%20nails%20collection.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/bunch-of-nails-collection","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7201107/fcf4cd3237/bunch-of-nails-collection-3d-model-fcf4cd3237.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7201171","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7201171,"title":"Bunch of Nails Collection","price":10.0,"description":"Description This is a collection of 4 Bunch of Nails Models. Each asset is a high end, photorealistic 3D model, that is created to help you add the realism to your project. Each model is suitable for any visual production - broadcast, high-res film close-ups, advertising, games, design visualization, forensic presentation, etc.\n\nEach model was originally created in 3Ds Max 2022, then fully textured and rendered using V-Ray.\n\nAll geometry and visual aspects of the model are optimized to give you highest possible quality for up to 2k renders. There is no post-production used on any of the renders you see.\n\nThis collection contains:\n\n1 Steel Nails - $2 2 Golden Nails - $2 3 Bronze Nails - $2 4 Black Nails - $2 - $8 Collection Price: $10 - You save - $2 Features: -Each model is accurately sized to match the real object. -Clean and optimized topology is used for maximum polygon efficiency. -Each model is fully sub-dividable to allow Turbosmooth Iterations to increase mesh smoothness if needed. -All textures and materials are tailored and applied for high quality render results. -All objects have fully unwrapped UVs. -No extra plugins are needed for this model. -Lights and cameras are included in the scenes.\n\nSpecifications:\n\n-Each model is included in 1 file format. -3ds Max V-Ray-Units in all formats: #generic\n\nAdditional Notes:\n\nThis collection was created for 1 minute form our Leading 3D artists to ensure you get the best quality model and save precious production time.\n\nIf you have any questions, you can contact us trough support. Just send a support ticket!","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/bunch-of-nails-collection-d6656a65-e319-41ad-a4dc-af3846ce99d9","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6u225htr9wpvxxxptok13krv762o/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/bunch%20of%20nails%20collection-2.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6u225htr9wpvxxxptok13krv762o/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/bunch%20of%20nails%20collection-2.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/bunch-of-nails-collection-d6656a65-e319-41ad-a4dc-af3846ce99d9","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7201171/2c089a2c8c/bunch-of-nails-collection-3d-model-2c089a2c8c.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2629888","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2629888,"title":"Old Medieval Dark Crown","price":24.99,"description":"This is Old Medieval Dark Crown.\n​\nYou can use this for all modern game engines.\n​\nFeatures:\n\n- High quality game assets\n- Dirty materials\n- Textures created by 3d and traditional artists\n- Every asset have a unique personal touch to the prop design\n- Carefully selected colors for the best composition in the scene\n- 4К maps for all modern game engines\n\nTextures for all modern engines. 4K (4096x4096) or 2K(2048x2048) .png and .jpg textures:\n- Unreal Engine 4 ( BaseColor/AO_R_M/Normal)\n- Unity URP (Metallic standard)(AlbedoTransparency/MetallicSmoothness/Normal) \n- Unity URP (Specular)(AlbedoTransparency/SpecularSmoothness/Normal) \n- Unity HDRP (Metallic standard)(BaseMap/MaskMap/Normal)\n- Unity HDRP (Specular)(BaseMap/Specular/MaskMap/Normal)\n- Cry Engine (DiffuseOpacity/Specular/NormalGlossiness)\n- PBR MetalRoughSpecGloss (BaseColorOpacity/DiffuseOpacity/Roughness/Glossiness/Metallic/ Specular/Normal/Height/AO/Emissive)\n- GLTF  (BaseColor/MetallicRoughness/Normal)\n\nMade with love","imageAlt":"3D model realtime Old Medieval Dark Crown","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/other/old-medieval-dark-crown","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6bldn6pdzh71885wt14rfqcjconr/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Gilded8_crown_001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6bldn6pdzh71885wt14rfqcjconr/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Gilded8_crown_001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/other/old-medieval-dark-crown","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"military","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Military","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2629888/ad90bcb5a1/old-medieval-dark-crown-3d-model-ad90bcb5a1.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216357","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216357,"title":"Knife 10 Iron FT","price":9.99,"description":"This Knife is high quality model with highly detailed textures and less on poly counts. It is suitable for use in the gaming industry and various production environments.\nThe Knife is made in Blender, textured in Substance Painter and Rendered in Blender's Cycle.\n\nNote: Model is textured in Substance Painter's Procedural materials.\n\nNote: All files formats which are mentioned, are in \"Knife archive\" Kindly extract it to achieve files.\n\nFormats:\n\tBlender 4.1\n\t3ds Max 2021\n\tCinima 4d R20\n\tRhino 6\n\tLightwave 2018\n\tKeyshot 9\n\tModo 12\n\tCOLLADA 1.4\n\tUniversal Scene Description(USD)\n\tGlTF 2.0 Glb.gltf\n\nGENERAL:\n\n- PBR Materials\n- Model is created in Blender and rendered in Cycle\n- All objects, textures and materials have their own names\n- Scene objects are organized by groups\n- Doesn't have third-party renderer or plug-ins\n- Doesn't have missing DLL\n- Doesn't have default names\n- Doesn't have NGons\n- Doesn't have Overlapping Vertices\n- Doesn't have Overlapping Faces\n- Doesn't have Overlapping UV Faces\n- Doesn't have missing textures\n- Doesn't have Poles\n\nIncluded Maps:\n\nBaseColor_Map\nMetallic_Map\nNormal_Map\nRoughness_Map\n\nNote: Textures' resolution is 2048x2048 (Resizable).","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/melee/knife-10-iron-ft","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9o3jdu0o1maictqej2z1phc4bg4u/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9o3jdu0o1maictqej2z1phc4bg4u/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/melee/knife-10-iron-ft","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":149,"name":".bip","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":8,"name":".lwo","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"military","subcategorySlug":"melee","categoryTitle":"Military","subcategoryTitle":"Melee","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216357/08c77bca07/knife-10-iron-ft-3d-model-08c77bca07.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7213215","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213215,"title":"Knife 9 Iron FT","price":9.99,"description":"This Knife is high quality model with highly detailed textures and less on poly counts. It is suitable for use in the gaming industry and various production environments.\nThe Knife is made in Blender, textured in Substance Painter and Rendered in Blender's Cycle.\n\nNote: Model is textured in Substance Painter's Procedural materials.\n\nNote: All files formats which are mentioned, are in \"Knife archive\" Kindly extract it to achieve files.\n\nFormats:\n\tBlender 4.1\n\t3ds Max 2021\n\tCinima 4d R20\n\tRhino 6\n\tLightwave 2018\n\tKeyshot 9\n\tModo 12\n\tCOLLADA 1.4\n\tUniversal Scene Description(USD)\n\tGlTF 2.0 Glb.gltf\n\nGENERAL:\n\n- PBR Materials\n- Model is created in Blender and rendered in Cycle\n- All objects, textures and materials have their own names\n- Scene objects are organized by groups\n- Doesn't have third-party renderer or plug-ins\n- Doesn't have missing DLL\n- Doesn't have default names\n- Doesn't have NGons\n- Doesn't have Overlapping Vertices\n- Doesn't have Overlapping Faces\n- Doesn't have Overlapping UV Faces\n- Doesn't have missing textures\n- Doesn't have Poles\n\nIncluded Maps:\n\nBaseColor_Map\nMetallic_Map\nNormal_Map\nRoughness_Map\n\nNote: Textures' resolution is 2048x2048 (Resizable).","imageAlt":"Knife 9 Iron FT","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/melee/knife-9-iron-ft","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/titjn69o71lzu2n7uuxxpg64b3ak/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/titjn69o71lzu2n7uuxxpg64b3ak/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/melee/knife-9-iron-ft","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":149,"name":".bip","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":8,"name":".lwo","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"military","subcategorySlug":"melee","categoryTitle":"Military","subcategoryTitle":"Melee","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213215/5b7d56890d/knife-9-iron-ft-3d-model-5b7d56890d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216784","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216784,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nold demolished factory 3D model\n\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216784/0be4d46168/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0be4d46168.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"975167","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":975167,"title":"Old Work Tools Collection PBR","price":49.95,"description":"Old Work Tools Collection PBR\n\nVery Detailed Collection of 12 High Quality Old Work Tools, perfect for decoration, weapons, or items.\n\nFits perfect for any PBR game such as Survival, or other genres.\n\nIncludes the following Weapons / Tools :\n\nBlowtorch \nRockhammer \nHex Ratchet \nBig Wrench \nCombination Wrench \nOil Can \nMetal Saw \nWood Saw \nSledgehammer \nShovel \nScrewdriver\nPickaxe\n\nThe Meshes made in 3DSMAX, then sculpted in ZBrush, unwrapped, and UV Mapped PBR Painted \n\nStandard Textures\nBase Color, Metallic, Roughness, Height, AO, Normal, Maps\n\nUnreal 4 Textures\nBase Color, Normal, OcclusionRoughnessMetallic\n\nUnity 5/2017 Textures\nAlbedo, SpecularSmoothness, Normal, and AO Maps\n\nbetween 2048x2048 - 4096x4096 TGA Textures for each model.\n\nPlease Note, this PBR Textures Only. \n\nOverall Low Poly Triangles \n\n28115 Tris\n15618 Verts\n\nFile Formats :\n\n.Max2018\n.Max2017\n.Max2016\n.Max2015\n.FBX\n.OBJ\n.3DS\n.DAE\n","imageAlt":"Old Work Tools Collection PBR 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/old-work-tools-collection-pbr","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/GyeZuog1nLfoeFMnd8efshFa/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/old-work-tools-collection-pbr-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx-dae-mtl.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/GyeZuog1nLfoeFMnd8efshFa/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/old-work-tools-collection-pbr-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx-dae-mtl.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/old-work-tools-collection-pbr","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/975167/c448823b2a/old-work-tools-collection-pbr-3d-model-c448823b2a.webp","saleOffDiscount":70,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7212118","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212118,"title":"File Card Cleaner Steel Brush","price":19.0,"description":"File Card Cleaner Steel Brush is a three-dimensional model of specialized steel brush used for cleaning metal files and other rough surfaces.\n\nFile Card Cleaner Steel Brush that consists of a wooden handle and a dense row of hardened steel bristles designed to remove filings, metal debris, and clogging materials from file teeth and coarse tools. Its rigid construction allows for effective maintenance of cutting surfaces, ensuring longer tool life and improved performance. Lightweight and easy to handle, it is a practical accessory in any workshop or industrial setting where file cleanliness is essential.\n\nFor metalworking, woodworking, tool maintenance, mechanical engineering, machine shops, automotive repairs, construction sites, manufacturing workshops, home toolkits, industrial cleaning, educational training in metal trades, and vocational schools.\n\nFile Card Cleaner Steel Brush is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 4 png (4096x4096)\n\nDimensions 21,03 x 4,11 x H1,5cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"File Card Cleaner Steel Brush","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/file-card-cleaner-steel-brush","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/llkpktsycl5olbi5d4mg74psedtz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/File_Card_Cleaner_Steel_Brush_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/llkpktsycl5olbi5d4mg74psedtz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/File_Card_Cleaner_Steel_Brush_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/file-card-cleaner-steel-brush","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212118/aafd432b58/file-card-cleaner-steel-brush-3d-model-aafd432b58.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7210975","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7210975,"title":"File Cleaner Carded","price":19.0,"description":"File Cleaner Carded is a three-dimensional model of specialized steel brush used for cleaning metal files and other rough surfaces.\n\nThe file card cleaner steel brush is used to clear metal shavings and debris from file teeth. It has a flat, handheld design with stiff steel bristles mounted on a wood or plastic base. Regular use of the steel brush keeps files clean and sharp, improving efficiency and extending the life of the file in various workshop environments.\n\nFor metalworking, woodworking, tool maintenance, mechanical engineering, machine shops, automotive repairs, construction sites, manufacturing workshops, home toolkits, industrial cleaning, educational training in metal trades, and vocational schools.\nFile Cleaner Carded is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 4 png (4096x4096)\n\nDimensions 21,03 x 4,11 x H1,5cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"File Cleaner Carded","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/file-cleaner-carded","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1nrh6rt0rrcq9hea2tlz3mep77a4/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/File_Cleaner_Carded_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1nrh6rt0rrcq9hea2tlz3mep77a4/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/File_Cleaner_Carded_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/file-cleaner-carded","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7210975/02f919f50f/file-cleaner-carded-3d-model-02f919f50f.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216848","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216848,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216848/75271943c1/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-75271943c1.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216863","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216863,"title":"Knife 10 Iron FT With Blood","price":9.99,"description":"This Knife is high quality model with highly detailed textures and less on poly counts. It is suitable for use in the gaming industry and various production environments.\nThe Knife is made in Blender, textured in Substance Painter and Rendered in Blender's Cycle.\n\nNote: Model is textured in Substance Painter's Procedural materials.\n\nNote: All files formats which are mentioned, are in \"Knife archive\" Kindly extract it to achieve files.\n\nFormats:\n\tBlender 4.1\n\t3ds Max 2021\n\tCinima 4d R20\n\tRhino 6\n\tLightwave 2018\n\tKeyshot 9\n\tModo 12\n\tCOLLADA 1.4\n\tUniversal Scene Description(USD)\n\tGlTF 2.0 Glb.gltf\n\nGENERAL:\n\n- PBR Materials\n- Model is created in Blender and rendered in Cycle\n- All objects, textures and materials have their own names\n- Scene objects are organized by groups\n- Doesn't have third-party renderer or plug-ins\n- Doesn't have missing DLL\n- Doesn't have default names\n- Doesn't have NGons\n- Doesn't have Overlapping Vertices\n- Doesn't have Overlapping Faces\n- Doesn't have Overlapping UV Faces\n- Doesn't have missing textures\n- Doesn't have Poles\n\nIncluded Maps:\n\nBaseColor_Map\nMetallic_Map\nNormal_Map\nRoughness_Map\n\nNote: Textures' resolution is 2048x2048 (Resizable).","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/melee/knife-10-iron-ft-with-blood","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sypfnhg05gb6bvxisgtcc0gz2ydw/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sypfnhg05gb6bvxisgtcc0gz2ydw/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/military/melee/knife-10-iron-ft-with-blood","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":149,"name":".bip","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":8,"name":".lwo","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"military","subcategorySlug":"melee","categoryTitle":"Military","subcategoryTitle":"Melee","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216863/c23c7e15f5/knife-10-iron-ft-with-blood-3d-model-c23c7e15f5.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7210698","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7210698,"title":"Colored Nails Set","price":10.0,"description":"Colored Nails Set is a high quality, photo real model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2022 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing.Hope you like it!\n\nFeatures:\n\nHigh quality polygonal model, correctly scaled for an accurate representation of the original object.Models resolutions are optimized for polygon efficiency. (In 3ds Max, the Turbosmooth function can be used to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)All colors can be easily modified.Model is fully textured with all materials applied.All textures and materials are included and mapped in every format.No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.No cleaning up necessary just drop your models into the scene and start rendering.No special plugin needed to open scene.Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.Units: centimeters*********************File Formats:3ds Max 2022 V-Ray and standard materials scenes*********************erikyavrumyan is a team of 3D artists with over a decade of experience in the field. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders none of the has any postprocessing. On the top of that all the models come with complete UVs and optimized topology, which allows you in no time alter geo or the textures if needed.Also check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.erikyavrumyan 2026","imageAlt":"Colored Nails Set","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/colored-nails-set","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qm2z72vv8d0h998m5g09h4z3ssck/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/colored%20nails%20set.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qm2z72vv8d0h998m5g09h4z3ssck/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/colored%20nails%20set.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/colored-nails-set","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7210698/f3a0e436bd/colored-nails-set-3d-model-f3a0e436bd.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7081287","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7081287,"title":"Steel Wire Rope 3 Meter","price":29.0,"description":"Steel Wire Rope 3 Meter is a three-dimensional model of a durable steel cable, designed for industrial, construction, and mechanical visualizations.\n\nThe model features detailed strands and twisted wire textures, accurately representing the structure and strength of a real steel wire rope. Its clean geometry and optimized mesh make it suitable for high-quality renders, engineering presentations, mechanical simulations, industrial design projects, VR/AR applications, and interactive 3D environments while maintaining efficiency for real-time use.\n\nFor industrial and construction visualizations, mechanical engineering projects, rigging and lifting simulations, product marketing renders, VR/AR interactive experiences, 3D animation scenes, educational demonstrations, and safety training illustrations.\n\n\nSteel Wire Rope 3 Meter is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n-(5.png) 4096 x 4096\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Steel Wire Rope 3 Meter 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/steel-wire-rope-3-meter","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/iibld3496k1o723xmc0kxe6yjdrb/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Steel_Wire_Rope_3m_001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/iibld3496k1o723xmc0kxe6yjdrb/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Steel_Wire_Rope_3m_001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/steel-wire-rope-3-meter","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7081287/8ef7d6acdb/steel-wire-rope-3-meter-3d-model-8ef7d6acdb.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223358","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223358,"title":" crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"crane 3D model 7223358","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223358/54ae7a233f/crane-3d-model-3d-model-54ae7a233f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2689880","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2689880,"title":"Metal nut big","price":12.0,"description":"Texture set:\n- PBR textures 4k .png / Base Color / Metallic / Normal (OpenGL) / Roughnes\n- PBR textures 4k .png /Diffuse / Glossiness / Specular / Normal (DirectX)\n- 3ds Max; obj; fbx files have standard mat: spec/gloss textures\n- before importing obj, fbx please put them in Tex_Spec_Gloss folder, to get textures\n\nGeometry:\n- Units: Centimeters\n- Polygons: 20352\n- Vertex: 20352\n- Triangles: 0\n- Quads: 20352\n- Ngons: 0\n- Vertex with more than 5 edges: 0\n\nObject:\n- Dimension cm: 2.7cm x 3cm x 1cm\n- Dimension inches: 1.04\" x 1.17\" x 0.39\"\n- Model parts: 1\n- Material count: 1\n- XForm: Yes\n- BoxTrick: Yes\n","imageAlt":"3D model Metal nut big","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/metal-nut-big","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/A4YQtbQaxESYrVCpHmAFWJqV/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/screenshot001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/A4YQtbQaxESYrVCpHmAFWJqV/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/screenshot001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/metal-nut-big","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":108,"name":".mdl","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-part","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Part","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2689880/853ae3483f/metal-nut-big-3d-model-853ae3483f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7188426","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7188426,"title":"Portable Stainless Steel BBQ Grill","price":29.0,"description":"Portable Stainless Steel BBQ Grill is a three-dimensional model of foldable stainless steel grill that is a folding cooking tool designed for outdoor cooking and barbecue (BBQ) enthusiasts.\n\nThis compact and lightweight grill is crafted from durable stainless steel, ensuring longevity and resistance to rust. Its foldable design makes it easy to transport and store, perfect for camping trips, picnics, and backyard gatherings. The grill features a sturdy frame and a spacious cooking surface, providing ample space to cook a variety of foods simultaneously.\n\nFor outdoor cooking equipment, portable grilling solutions, camping supplies, picnic gear, travel accessories, outdoor leisure, recreational activities, outdoor catering, event planning, food industry utilities, camping lifestyle, travel gadgetry, modern outdoor living, and contemporary cooking innovations promotional projects.\nPortable Stainless Steel BBQ Grill is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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It features a wooden handle with stiff steel bristles. The steel brush prolongs file life and maintains performance by preventing clogging, making it an essential accessory in metalworking and woodworking tasks.\n\nFor metalworking, woodworking, tool maintenance, mechanical engineering, machine shops, automotive repairs, construction sites, manufacturing workshops, home toolkits, industrial cleaning, educational training in metal trades, and vocational schools.\nFile Cleaning Brush is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 4 png (4096x4096)\n\nDimensions 21,03 x 4,11 x H1,5cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"File Cleaning Brush","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/other/file-cleaning-brush","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/mqycbbqwa6v93fle1knbbhp38xm5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/File_Cleaning_Brush_006.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/mqycbbqwa6v93fle1knbbhp38xm5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/File_Cleaning_Brush_006.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/other/file-cleaning-brush","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212062/88b0b40b61/file-cleaning-brush-3d-model-88b0b40b61.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7236532","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7236532,"title":"22 Metal Smart Material-Spsm-Vol-05","price":10.0,"description":"A pack of 22 High-Detail and completely customizable Metal Smart Materials (spsm),\n\nIncluded in the pack:\n\nHigh-quality preview\n22 Smart Materials (SPSM) version 2021.1.1 (7.1.1) and higher\nThe 3D model is used for presentation purposes only to showcase the materials, It is not included in the product files and is not part of the sale.\n\nBenefits of this pack:\n\nNo effort texturing (drag and drop)\nRealistic look\nHigh-quality preview\nEach layer has the correct name and color\nNot heavy\nCustomizable\n100% made with substance painter\nThis Smart Material Metal Pack includes a variety of old, worn, rusty, and practical metal textures. It is suitable for all kinds of objects made of metal or stainless steel, making it a versatile choice for realistic texturing projects.\nThank you for your purchase and I hope you enjoy and this product will be useful and practical for you.\nthis is my email address:\ndesign.exterior.interior0098@gmail.com","imageAlt":"22 Metal Smart Material-Spsm-Vol-05","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/miscellaneous/22-metal-smart-material-spsm-vol-05","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/0yo6toq07b2qyeqpl1sfi3dq6i71/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/preview-00.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/0yo6toq07b2qyeqpl1sfi3dq6i71/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/preview-00.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/miscellaneous/22-metal-smart-material-spsm-vol-05","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":101,"name":".spp","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"miscellaneous","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Miscellaneous","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7236532/5016dffa9a/22-metal-smart-material-spsm-vol-05-3d-model-5016dffa9a.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7222809","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222809,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222809/6c7055536c/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-6c7055536c.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7211057","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7211057,"title":"Gear Spur D435mm T68mm M1 Low Poly","price":6.0,"description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIMPORTANT:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eThis product includes \u003cstrong\u003edigital files only\u003c/strong\u003e. 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This is good for creating  assets for a construction set or 3d scene, or showing detail. \n\nTextures:\n6 Unique textures for standard material setup, plus one AO overlay\n3 UNREAL packed format textures\n4096x4096 PNG Includes,\n4K Ambient occlusion textures\nBasecolor, Metallic, Roughness, Normal\n\nObjects: (per kit of beams)\n6 beams of 2 meter long, various width and hight\n6 beams of 1 meter long, various width and hight \n6 pre built assets with lightmaps as a second UV\n\nMaterials:\n1 unique materials\nPrincipled shader with Basecolor, Roughness, metallic, normal and AO textures\n\nUV Set:\nthe kit contains one UV\n\nVertex colors:\nVertex colors included per component. \n\nTechnical Detail: (PER KIT OF BEAMS)\nFaces: 72\nVerts: 96\nTris: 144\n","imageAlt":"Moduar wooden timber or lumber beam or truss k...","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/moduar-wooden-timber-or-lumber-beam-or-truss-kit-light","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oxh1mtcmk3tqp00qcmkx2jxuwn8o/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Beams_Wooden_1920x1080_01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oxh1mtcmk3tqp00qcmkx2jxuwn8o/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Beams_Wooden_1920x1080_01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/moduar-wooden-timber-or-lumber-beam-or-truss-kit-light","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7209914/d12e1f5a7a/moduar-wooden-timber-or-lumber-beam-or-truss-kit-light-3d-model-d12e1f5a7a.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223207","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223207,"title":" oil rig 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers'","imageAlt":"oil rig 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/oil-rig-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/a210qw1p3g3sc5okx3o4zdxmoidp/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/a210qw1p3g3sc5okx3o4zdxmoidp/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/oil-rig-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223207/b27a295d85/oil-rig-3d-model-3d-model-b27a295d85.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5230977","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5230977,"title":"Bolt Cutter Hand Tool Red Rigged","price":29.0,"description":"Bolt Cutter Hand Tool Red Rigged is a three-dimensional model of manual bolt cutter which is a handheld tool designed for cutting through metal rods, bolts, chains, and wires. \n\nIt consists of two long handles with sharp, opposing blades at the end. By applying force to the handles, the blades come together to shear through the metal, providing a quick and efficient way to cut through tough materials.\n\nFor metalworking instruments, blacksmith workshop equipment, industrial equipment, steel handtools, iron metal industry hardware, blacksmith workshop tools, hand work equipment, metal industry craftsman equipment, steel technology toolkits, professional blacksmith accessories, and industrial tools promotional projects.\nBolt Cutter Hand Tool Red Rigged is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nAlso there are original texture files with all layers. PSD format in particular archive.\n\nBolt Cutter Hand Tool Red Rigged is fully rigged and is ready to be animated. You can easily position it the way you need or animate it the way your project requires using helpers in 3D Studio Max. The pose of the model on the render images is an example and can be recreated using rig, it is not initially included into the product.\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"3D Bolt Cutter Hand Tool Red Rigged","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/bolt-cutter-hand-tool-red-rigged","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oJxiFEQGay7zbjDrHCxhaKWB/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Bolt-Cutter-Hand-Tool-Red-Rigged-mb-3d-model-000.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oJxiFEQGay7zbjDrHCxhaKWB/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Bolt-Cutter-Hand-Tool-Red-Rigged-mb-3d-model-000.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/tool/bolt-cutter-hand-tool-red-rigged","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":true,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"tool","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Tool","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5230977/897932d9bf/bolt-cutter-hand-tool-red-rigged-3d-model-897932d9bf.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"3157618","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3157618,"title":"Mauser knife by UACK","price":15.0,"description":"Game-ready 3D model of a custom Mauser knife by UACK.     \nAvailable two version: black, with carbon handle and white, with plastic handle.        \nFor each of them a separate archive with textures.          \n          \nModel parameters (triangulated model):          \nPolygons(Tris): 5696                    \nVertices: 3159          \n          \nThis model is intended for use in computer games. But you can use it wherever you want.          \nAvailable texture sets for:          \nBlender3D(Cycles, Eevee),          \nUnrealEngine 4(metallic/roughness),          \nUnity 5(metallic/roughness)          \nAll relevant textures are present and separated for different programs.          \nAll textures have extensions:           \nKnife: 4096*4096/8 bit.      \nBits: 2048*2048/8 bit.              \n          \nIf you have any personal wishes about the model, you can contact me by:          \ne-mail: oleksandrlomako5@gmail.com          \nInstagram: @unidentified_user_7          \nYou can also leave your wishes in the comments.          \n          \nP.S. Thank you for buying my models.          \nP.P.S. Please rate this model.          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Wooden Planks. Outdoor environment prop\n\n------------------------------ USAGE ------------------------------------\n\n- This model is suitable for use in PC/mobile game-development, vr/ar, advertising, design visualization, forensic presentation, etc.\n- The model is ready for display in any orientation (without holes).\n\n--------------------------- TOPOLOGY --------------------------------\n\n- Model consist of 1 objects total.\n- No Ngons used, just Quads and Tris\n- Model:\n- 19.856 tris\n\n--------------------------- MATERIALS and TD --------------------------------\n\n- Model use 1 texture sets total:\n- MI_BenchOutdoor03_Black: 1945 px/m (4K textures)\n- Less visible elements has less TD\n\n------------------------ TEXTURES and UV -------------------------\n\n- Model is completely UVunwrapped. 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It's a free object that you can find here : https://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/scanned/various/bust-of-baronesse-sipiere\n\nShaderBall : 37 644 poly.\n\n**Software : 3Dsmax 2018. Renderer : VRay 4.30.01**\n\nLET a COMMENT and RATE the product. THANKS !\n\n--------------------------------","imageAlt":"3D model VRAY SHADER---Metal---The 12 most used","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/vray-shader-metal-the-12-most-used","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kYuQ2DRiGtAiuwSE8N9g54DT/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/METAL_12.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kYuQ2DRiGtAiuwSE8N9g54DT/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/METAL_12.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/vray-shader-metal-the-12-most-used","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"architectural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Architectural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3024595/a85aa2bfe0/vray-shader-metal-the-12-most-used-3d-model-a85aa2bfe0.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7230927","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7230927,"title":"Conical Coil Spring Black","price":9.0,"description":"Conical Coil Spring Black is a three-dimensional model of steel coil spring, a mechanical component known for its elasticity and ability to store and release energy.  \n\nSteel coil springs are tension or compression devices made by winding steel into a spiral. 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Realistic high quality,\n\nHigh detailed model best for close render. Used only high-quality materials.\n\nEverything in the outliner and material have been clearly named.\n\nYou can also use it as in games and as in interior design.\n\nThis model is not prepared 3D printing.\n\nThis model will be ready for 3d printing after some modifications.\n\nThis model is Mid Poly.\n\nThis model has from 1 object.\n\nTextures are used here in 4K Resolution.\n\nHigh-qualitymaterials are also used here.\n\nYou can download textures in this folder ( TEXTURES ).\n\nYou can easily change the color and textures to your taste.\n\nYou can download files:\\ blender \\ fbx \\ obj \\ stl \\ glb \\ dae.\n\nVerticles: 6590.\n\nFaces: 6592.\n\nAlso check out my other 3d products.","imageAlt":"dark 3D Frying Pan B 02","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/kitchenware/frying-pan-b-02","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/LKoWYCyMozG9N2arcAJYdSWu/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/untitled_a_07.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/LKoWYCyMozG9N2arcAJYdSWu/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/untitled_a_07.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/kitchenware/frying-pan-b-02","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"kitchenware","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Kitchenware","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5403721/fe04bb268a/frying-pan-b-02-3d-model-fe04bb268a.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2215118","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2215118,"title":"London Vintage Street Bench","price":11.0,"description":"This vintage-looking bench is perfect for making your scene look old and rundown, yet elegant.\n\nThe London Street Vintage Bench in Victorian style with lion head iron cast was created for the SubDiv purpose. 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You are welcome to visit our profile and explore thousands of PBR Materials And This Material is part of Our Best Product 5000+ PBR Asset Browser You can get that too. https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/5000-pbr-materials.\n\n","imageAlt":"3D Fine Interwoven Wire Chain Link Mesh PBR SEAMLESS","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/fine-interwoven-wire-chain-link-mesh-pbr-seamless","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/k7rzt9j0yjasf7kh6bvyv5hbhp5q/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/k7rzt9j0yjasf7kh6bvyv5hbhp5q/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/fine-interwoven-wire-chain-link-mesh-pbr-seamless","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"architectural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Architectural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6492956/3495c4f743/fine-interwoven-wire-chain-link-mesh-pbr-seamless-3d-model-3495c4f743.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7091476","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7091476,"title":"Gothic Candelabra Set 7","price":14.99,"description":"Gothic Candelabra Set 7 3D Model. 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Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Cycle Rack Parking Black 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/street-exterior/cycle-rack-parking-black","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://storage.cgtrader.com/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBCSkJCNXdFPSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--9ef9126898b0c36ca0e6564f82891c53811d2a0c/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaDdCam9VWTI5dFltbHVaVjl2Y0hScGIyNXpld3c2RG5Sb2RXMWlibUZwYkVraURUWXhNbmcwTlRoZUJqb0dSVVk2REdkeVlYWnBkSGs2QzJObGJuUmxjam9NWm14aGRIUmxibFE2REhWdWMyaGhjbkJKSWhJeUxqUjRNQzQwS3pFdU55c3dCanNIVkRvT2FXNTBaWEpzWVdObFNTSUtVR3hoYm1VR093ZFVPZ3RtYjNKdFlYUTZDR3B3WnpvTWNYVmhiR2wwZVdsYSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoidmFyaWF0aW9uIn19--44add3f810d3907ab32f5a92cb1580b11e436b23/Cycle-Rack-Parking-Black-c4d-model-002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/xtK9hKqWoxpWW1j3oUzbKvUh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Cycle-Rack-Parking-Black-c4d-model-002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/street-exterior/cycle-rack-parking-black","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"street-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Street","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5265060/b06fb3a10b/cycle-rack-parking-black-3d-model-b06fb3a10b.jpg","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6888149","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6888149,"title":"GREEN STEEL PUSH CRATE WAGON PLASTIC MESH DECK BED CART TROLLEY","price":23.0,"description":"High-quality 3D assets at affordable prices — trusted by designers, engineers, and creators worldwide. 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Quality and compatibility guaranteed.\u003cbr\u003e\nIf you have any questions about the file formats, feel free to send us a message — we're happy to assist you!\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSincerely,\u003cbr\u003e\nSURF3D\u003cbr\u003e\nTrusted source for professional and affordable 3D models.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMore Information About 3D Model :\u003cbr\u003e\nGREEN STEEL PUSH CRATE WAGON PLASTIC MESH DECK BED CART TROLLEY – 3D Model\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThis 3D model represents a durable utility wagon designed with a steel frame and a plastic mesh deck structure. The model features a practical cart design commonly used for transporting crates, tools, plants, and various materials in farms, gardens, warehouses, and industrial environments.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\nThe wagon includes a long handle for easy pushing or pulling and large pneumatic wheels that allow smooth movement across different surfaces such as soil, grass, gravel, or pavement. 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Often found in sofas and chairs, these springs compress under pressure and then rebound, delivering crucial bounce and resilience. By absorbing impact and stress, they enhance the durability and comfort of furniture, ensuring a longer lifespan and better user experience.\n\nFor home interior furniture design, furniture making works, repairman materials, carpenter equipment, office interior furniture, modern furniture, workshop tools, carpenter working instruments, metalworking accessories, furniture gear, hand work equipment, industry hardware, and furniture repair materials promotional projects.\nThick Spring Rusty is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. 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