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Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216344/eb4d252f63/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-eb4d252f63.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7175298","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7175298,"title":"Firewood Holder with Metal Frame","price":39.0,"description":"Firewood Holder with Metal Frame is a three-dimensional model of traditional log storage rack with a leather sling, designed to hold and transport firewood conveniently.\n\nThis handcrafted piece combines a sturdy metal frame with a detachable leather carrier, making it both functional and aesthetically pleasing. It\u0026#39;s perfect for keeping firewood organized by the fireplace or for easy transport from storage to your hearth. The metal frame offers stability, while the leather adds a touch of rustic charm.\n\nFor interior design, home decor, rustic furniture, fireplace accessories, home improvement, traditional craftsmanship, cabin style living, log cabin design, cozy home settings, winter preparations, log storage solutions, wood burning stove facilities, artisanal home goods, and vintage home enhancement projects.\n\nFirewood Holder with Metal Frame is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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These fireplaces typically feature intricate cast iron inserts, decorative tiling, and mantels made of marble or dark wood. \n\nFor interior design, historical architecture restoration, antique reproduction, home decor, heritage home renovation, period drama set design, Victorian-style homes, museum displays, traditional craftsmanship exhibitions, real estate staging, classical design education, and luxury construction projects.\nVictorian Fireplace with Accessories is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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These classical pieces were central to interior design during the Victorian period and remain popular for their timeless elegance.\n\nFor interior design, historical architecture restoration, antique reproduction, home decor, heritage home renovation, period drama set design, Victorian-style homes, museum displays, traditional craftsmanship exhibitions, real estate staging, classical design education, and luxury construction projects.\nBlack Antique Fireplace with Log Rack is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. 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Characterized by decorative detailing and sturdy materials like iron or tile, it reflects the grandeur and taste of 19th-century interiors.\n\nFor interior design, historical architecture restoration, antique reproduction, home decor, heritage home renovation, period drama set design, Victorian-style homes, museum displays, traditional craftsmanship exhibitions, real estate staging, classical design education, and luxury construction projects.\nVictorian Fireplace with Fire is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. 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File for Scanline renderer has only very basic materials and will NOT render the same as in preview images.\nPreview images are rendered with Corona.\nTextures are collected in one arhive and are delivered in separate file.\nRender scene is not included.\n\nScene has 6 high quality textures up to 3000x3000 resolution.\n\nFile formats available: max - fbx - obj - stl\n\nFiles other than max, may not have all features available, due to format restrictions.\nSome of most common restrictions are:\nmax scene with scanline renderer - contains simplified materials\nfbx - contains simplified materials\nobj - contains simplified materials, has no vertex colours\nstl - has no materials, has no vertex colours, has no UV coordinates\n\n***\n\nIf you have questions about my models or need any kind of help, feel free to contact me and i'll do my best to help you.","imageAlt":"3D Fireplace Tools","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/household-tools/fireplace-tools--5","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/o4LpjyXP4h97EBddQx71NyPS/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/fireplace-tools-3d-model-max-obj-fbx-stl-mtl-mat.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/o4LpjyXP4h97EBddQx71NyPS/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/fireplace-tools-3d-model-max-obj-fbx-stl-mtl-mat.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/household-tools/fireplace-tools--5","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"household-tools","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Tools","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/250333/de5e4e4347/fireplace-tools-3d-model-max-obj-fbx-stl-mtl-mat.png","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7134748","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7134748,"title":"Ooni Outdoor Pizza Oven with Flame","price":59.0,"description":"Ooni Outdoor Pizza Oven with Flame is a three-dimensional model of compact, high-performance pizza oven designed for outdoor and home use.\n\nOoni portable pizza oven is a lightweight, fuel-efficient appliance that quickly reaches high temperatures for authentic stone-baked pizzas. 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Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n\n","imageAlt":"old space observatory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212570/063c512247/old-space-observatory-3d-model-3d-model-063c512247.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5436766","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5436766,"title":"Wood Fire and Embers","price":49.0,"description":"Wood Fire and Embers is a three-dimensional model of campfire with flames that is a set of firewood and embers, and that is a glowing hiking, hunting or fishing camp bonfire.\n\nThe campfire, constructed from firewood and embers, showcases dancing flames that captivate hikers, hunters, and fishers. This glowing bonfire is vital for outdoor adventures, providing warmth, light, and a means to cook. Its presence brings a sense of comfort and companionship, making it the heart of many camping experiences where stories and laughter are shared.\n\nFor camp fire, hunting camp accessories, home chimney stoves, hiking camp equipment, camp type kitchen, fishing camp props, barbecue food cooking, survival bonfire accessories, hiking campfire parking, burning firewood, home fireplace, and fireplace architecture.\nWood Fire and Embers is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"3D Wood Fire and Embers","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/wood-fire-and-embers","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ifh1azRRA8nLDoziQRQaXR6N/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Wood-Fire-and-Embers-3d-model-002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ifh1azRRA8nLDoziQRQaXR6N/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Wood-Fire-and-Embers-3d-model-002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/wood-fire-and-embers","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5436766/91f00a132e/wood-fire-and-embers-3d-model-91f00a132e.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5445840","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5445840,"title":"Fire from Wooden Logs","price":49.0,"description":"Fire from Wooden Logs is a three-dimensional model of campfire with flames that is a set of firewood and embers, and that is a glowing hiking, hunting or fishing camp bonfire.\n\nThe campfire, a combination of firewood and glowing embers, creates flickering flames that serve as a beacon for hikers, hunters, and fishers. This bonfire not only provides essential warmth and light but also functions as a cooking site. The glowing flames and crackling wood form an inviting setting, perfect for socializing and sharing stories in the heart of nature.\n\nFor camp fire, home fireplace, fireplace architecture, hunting camp accessories, home chimney stoves, hiking camp equipment, camp type kitchen, fishing camp props, barbecue food cooking, survival bonfire accessories, hiking campfire parking, and burning firewood.\n\nFire from Wooden Logs is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Fire from Wooden Logs 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/fire-from-wooden-logs","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/L2iwPCdfoPEaGXqbA4QFDFwR/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Fire-from-Wooden-Logs-mb-3d-model-002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/L2iwPCdfoPEaGXqbA4QFDFwR/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Fire-from-Wooden-Logs-mb-3d-model-002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/fire-from-wooden-logs","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"landscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Landscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5445840/52c604401d/fire-from-wooden-logs-3d-model-52c604401d.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5445825","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5445825,"title":"Bonfire of Wooden Logs","price":49.0,"description":"Bonfire of Wooden Logs is a three-dimensional model of campfire with flames that is a set of firewood and embers, and that is a glowing hiking, hunting or fishing camp bonfire.\n\nA campfire, consisting of firewood and embers, produces a mesmerizing display of flames. This glowing bonfire is a staple of hiking, hunting, and fishing expeditions. It serves multiple purposes: providing warmth, light, and a place to cook. The flickering flames and gentle warmth create a welcoming environment, making it a focal point for gathering, storytelling, and enjoying the outdoors.\n\nFor camp fire, burning firewood, home fireplace, fireplace architecture, hunting camp accessories, home chimney stoves, hiking camp equipment, camp type kitchen, fishing camp props, barbecue food cooking, survival bonfire accessories, and hiking campfire parking.\n\nBonfire of Wooden Logs is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/bonfire-of-wooden-logs","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/NmX9KmPaK4aDWTAzSpheiAvr/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Bonfire-of-Wooden-Logs-3d-model-006.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/NmX9KmPaK4aDWTAzSpheiAvr/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Bonfire-of-Wooden-Logs-3d-model-006.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/bonfire-of-wooden-logs","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5445825/af8e5009ce/bonfire-of-wooden-logs-3d-model-af8e5009ce.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5457020","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5457020,"title":"Campfire with Burning Logs","price":59.0,"description":"Campfire with Burning Logs is a three-dimensional model of campfire with flames that is a set of firewood and embers, and that is a glowing hiking, hunting or fishing camp bonfire.\n\nThe campfire, consisting of firewood and embers, produces a captivating display of flames. This bonfire is indispensable for hiking, hunting, and fishing trips, offering warmth, light, and a cooking site. The glowing flames create an inviting atmosphere, perfect for evening gatherings where campers can relax, share stories, and enjoy the natural surroundings.\n\nFor camp fire, hiking camp equipment, camp type kitchen, fishing camp props, barbecue food cooking, survival bonfire accessories, hiking campfire parking, burning firewood, home fireplace, fireplace architecture, hunting camp accessories, and home chimney stoves.\n\nCampfire with Burning Logs is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max\n- Cinema 4D\n- Maya\n- Blender\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"3D Campfire with Burning Logs","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/campfire-with-burning-logs","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c41QiNMQ6pPxckBFNPf6BXed/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Campfire-with-Burning-Logs-3d-model-002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c41QiNMQ6pPxckBFNPf6BXed/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Campfire-with-Burning-Logs-3d-model-002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/campfire-with-burning-logs","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"landscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Landscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5457020/b9a9ec859b/campfire-with-burning-logs-3d-model-b9a9ec859b.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5291421","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5291421,"title":"Ventilation Shaft on the Roof","price":29.0,"description":"Ventilation Shaft on the Roof is a three-dimensional model of vertical passage designed to facilitate airflow in and out of a building. \n\nIt helps regulate indoor air quality by allowing stale air to escape and fresh air to enter. Typically found in buildings with centralized HVAC systems, these shafts promote ventilation by creating a pathway for air circulation, which can improve comfort and reduce the risk of indoor pollutants.\n\nFor air ventilation building technical constructions, modern architectural engineering, air purifying equipment, outdoor air conditioning, outside wall applications, indoor wall applications, air temperature stabilizing equipment, architectural building systems, urban building systems, roof top devices, cooling building systems, air and climate-improving household appliances, and air purifying architectural technologies promotional projects.\n\nVentilation Shaft on the Roof is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. 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Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Ventilation Shaft on the Roof 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/ventilation-shaft-on-the-roof","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jR5PhbskKujyBSE3yBj53xtU/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Ventilation-Shaft-on-the-Roof-3d-model-003.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jR5PhbskKujyBSE3yBj53xtU/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Ventilation-Shaft-on-the-Roof-3d-model-003.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/ventilation-shaft-on-the-roof","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5291421/c278578eee/ventilation-shaft-on-the-roof-3d-model-c278578eee.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"984062","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":984062,"title":"Industrial building - low poly","price":12.0,"description":"Cooling Tower and Industrial Chimney\n\n- Transformations are At 0.0.0 (scene origin)  \n - Non-Overlapping  \n - Please Copy\\Paste all Textures in Textures Folder , In same location of the Main File   \n- **Clean geometry** with High quality textures and Zero UV stretching .\n\n\nTextures : 4096x4096 PNG  \n\n- T _Coolingtower _01 _BaseColor\n- T _Coolingtower _01 _Mixed_AO\n- T _Coolingtower _01 _Roughness\n- T _Coolingtower _01 _Metallic\n- T _Coolingtower _01 _Normal\n- T _Coolingtower _01 _Height\n\nTextures : 4096 PNG   \n\n- T _SmokeStack _ 01 _Base _Color\n- T _SmokeStack  _01 _Ambient _occlusion  \n- T _ SmokeStack _ 01 _Metallic \n- T _SmokeStack _ 01 _Roughness \n- T _SmokeStack _01 _Normal _DirectX\n- T _SmokeStack _01 _Normal \n- T _SmokeStack _01 _Height","imageAlt":"Industrial building - low poly 3D model low-poly","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/industrial-building-pbr-game-ready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/WhT795PTd5Dc9ar3KjT9cnY6/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/industrial-building-pbr-game-ready-3d-model-max-obj-mtl-3ds-fbx-ma-mb-stl.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/WhT795PTd5Dc9ar3KjT9cnY6/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/industrial-building-pbr-game-ready-3d-model-max-obj-mtl-3ds-fbx-ma-mb-stl.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/industrial-building-pbr-game-ready","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/984062/3d5292fe06/industrial-building-low-poly-3d-model-3d5292fe06.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6851783","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6851783,"title":"Fireplace 3D Model Set","price":4.0,"description":"This is a comprehensive 3D model collection of Indoor Fireplaces, designed for professional interior architectural visualizations. 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This bonfire is crucial for hiking, hunting, and fishing trips, offering heat, illumination, and a cooking platform. The warmth and light from the fire, along with its soothing crackle, create a focal point for evening gatherings, fostering camaraderie and relaxation.\n\nFor camp fire, fireplace architecture, hunting camp accessories, home chimney stoves, hiking camp equipment, camp type kitchen, fishing camp props, barbecue food cooking, survival bonfire accessories, hiking campfire parking, burning firewood, and home fireplace.\n\nBlazing Fire of Logs is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max\n- Cinema 4D\n- Maya\n- Blender\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. 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(All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 8 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. 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Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Campfire with Flames 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/campfire-with-flames","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/aNAbweiF6sp2TMY6uBKoHQuK/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Campfire-with-Flames-3ds-model-002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/aNAbweiF6sp2TMY6uBKoHQuK/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Campfire-with-Flames-3ds-model-002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/campfire-with-flames","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"landscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Landscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5436686/9a8e0e15b0/campfire-with-flames-3d-model-9a8e0e15b0.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"4096129","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4096129,"title":"Modern fireplace","price":8.0,"description":"Modern fireplace with customized light sources and materials. The interior modern block with glass is framed by limestone blocks. The fire is made with a self-luminous material with an Opacity map.\nThe model is made in real size, but lends itself to easy editing. For the convenience of work, Material IDs are assigned and, accordingly, a Multi / Sub Object-material is assigned to them. All objects and materials in the scene are logically named and grouped.\nThe fire looks as close as possible to real fire.\nOverall dimensions of the outer decorative part: width - 164 cm, height - 132 cm, depth - 38 cm.\nIn the archive:\n2016 MAX + OBJ + MTL for Corona Render and Vray.\nPolys: 14.287\nVerts: 8,897","imageAlt":"marble Modern fireplace 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/modern-fireplace-8af52c8d-4393-4adb-96e2-a28cae72296c","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9MWv6n5xTd5aHUndi48mHLFH/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/closeup_fas_Post.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9MWv6n5xTd5aHUndi48mHLFH/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/closeup_fas_Post.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/modern-fireplace-8af52c8d-4393-4adb-96e2-a28cae72296c","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4096129/0cc7a73499/modern-fireplace-3d-model-0cc7a73499.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7212862","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212862,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. ","imageAlt":"Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/po4qrrcxg96r1v17n0hjp5boatxm/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/po4qrrcxg96r1v17n0hjp5boatxm/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212862/f61931ee48/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-3d-model-f61931ee48.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216525","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216525,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3aabd011-02cf-41ae-9e3e-ed2127666ba5","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c57al8dt94rjl1axdl7gnris0pvq/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c57al8dt94rjl1axdl7gnris0pvq/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3aabd011-02cf-41ae-9e3e-ed2127666ba5","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216525/222d92766b/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-222d92766b.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7213001","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213001,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. ","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213001/d440acb7aa/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-3d-model-d440acb7aa.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"4764697","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4764697,"title":"Marble Fireplace","price":6.0,"description":"Game-ready Marble Fireplace asset, (TWO of them) with PBR textures included in the files. This has 3043 polys (5634 tris) and 3287 vertices. Note: changing the normal mesh settings in the native Maya file is not recommended.\n\nMaterials in this asset are for the following:\n\nMarble Fireplace (One Material)\n\nMaps included in this asset are the Base Color, Normals (OpenGL and DirectX), Metallic, Roughness and Ambient Occlusion.  \n\nAs an added bonus, the World Space Normals, Curvature, Basic Normals, Position, Thickness Maps have been added for any re-texturing, along with a Unity Package file. No color ID maps for this one, sorry.\n\nThis asset was rendered in Marmoset Toolbag 3.","imageAlt":"Marble Fireplace 3D model PBR","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/hall/marble-fireplace-c0044d9e-b35b-4b56-8550-2d1cd0cde6e5","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gBoUQmwDboBmhtcWWms7dsNW/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/marble_fireplace_000.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gBoUQmwDboBmhtcWWms7dsNW/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/marble_fireplace_000.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/hall/marble-fireplace-c0044d9e-b35b-4b56-8550-2d1cd0cde6e5","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":83,"name":".unitypackage","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"hall","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Hall","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4764697/8a1de488e3/marble-fireplace-3d-model-8a1de488e3.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223358","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223358,"title":" crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"crane 3D model 7223358","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223358/54ae7a233f/crane-3d-model-3d-model-54ae7a233f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"4390667","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4390667,"title":"Fireplace Tools with Pile of Wood","price":28.0,"description":"This is a high detailed photorealistic 3D model\n\n   -The model has a fully textured 4096\n\n\n-3dMax18 ( vray )\n\n\n-Blender 3,2\n\n-Obj +Mtl\n\n-Fbx\n\n-Marmoset\n\n-gLTF (texture 128-512)\n\n-USDZ (texture 512-2048)\n\n- High quality polygonal model, correctly scaled for an accurate representation of the original object.\n\n-Models resolutions are optimized for polygon efficiency.\n\n-Model is fully textured with all materials applied.\n\n-3ds Max models are grouped for easy selection, and objects are logically named for ease of scene management.\n\n-No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n\n-No cleaning up necessaryjust drop your models into the scene and start rendering.\n\n-No special plugin needed to open scene\n\n-Unit scale   cm\n","imageAlt":"3D model Fireplace Tools with Pile of Wood","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/house-interior/fireplace-tools-with-pile-of-wood","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vuoV8gk21kegb6jeA7xuucq1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vuoV8gk21kegb6jeA7xuucq1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/house-interior/fireplace-tools-with-pile-of-wood","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":137,"name":".tbscene","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"house-interior","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4390667/e0036a1f55/fireplace-tools-with-pile-of-wood-3d-model-e0036a1f55.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7165312","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7165312,"title":"Rockwood Chimney Starter with Charcoal Bag","price":49.0,"description":"Rockwood Chimney Starter with Charcoal Bag is a 3d model of a charcoal chimney starter paired with a bag of charcoal, designed for efficient grilling and smoking.\n\nThis model features a metal chimney starter with a heat-resistant handle, ideal for quickly igniting coals without the need for lighter fluid. The charcoal bag is depicted as made of a rugged material, filled with briquettes, emphasizing convenience and ease of use during outdoor cooking sessions.\n\nFor grilling and barbecue equipment, outdoor cooking, camping gear, culinary events, kitchenware design, product demonstrations, virtual cooking classes, backyard parties, chef training, and promotional materials for barbecue products, garden accessories, and DIY grill setups.\nRockwood Chimney Starter with Charcoal Bag is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n-15 png (4096x4096)\n-Dimensions 79,56 x 102,28 x H36,2cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Rockwood Chimney Starter with Charcoal Bag","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/other/rockwood-chimney-starter-with-charcoal-bag","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dx0ohkihsh3ueqzijgdnub8a7i3a/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Rockwood_Chimney_Starter_with_Charcoal_Bag_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dx0ohkihsh3ueqzijgdnub8a7i3a/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Rockwood_Chimney_Starter_with_Charcoal_Bag_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/other/rockwood-chimney-starter-with-charcoal-bag","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":219,"name":".exr","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7165312/75d7676d4d/rockwood-chimney-starter-with-charcoal-bag-3d-model-75d7676d4d.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5249450","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5249450,"title":"Gas Fire Pit Rectangular Marble Black No Fire","price":29.0,"description":"Gas Fire Pit Rectangular Marble Black No Fire is a 3d model of type of outdoor heating appliance that operates using gas fuel instead of wood. \n\nIt typically consists of a burner, gas line, and ignition system enclosed in a decorative housing, such as a rectangular marble black frame. Despite not using actual fire in its operations, a gas fire pit still produces heat and flames that simulate the appearance of a traditional fire pit.\n\nFor fireplace outdoor exterior, outdoor fire heaters, garden architecture, modern gas heating equipment, advertising and promotional projects.\n\nGas Fire Pit Rectangular Marble Black No Fire is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"3D model Gas Fire Pit Rectangular Marble Black No Fire","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/appliance/gas-fire-pit-rectangular-marble-black-no-fire","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/unJCRcY7T3Egy8Es4FC4gUUZ/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Gas-Fire-Pit-Rectangular-Marble-Black-No-Fire-3d-model-001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/unJCRcY7T3Egy8Es4FC4gUUZ/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Gas-Fire-Pit-Rectangular-Marble-Black-No-Fire-3d-model-001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/appliance/gas-fire-pit-rectangular-marble-black-no-fire","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"appliance","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Appliance","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5249450/a0162b8a1f/gas-fire-pit-rectangular-marble-black-no-fire-3d-model-a0162b8a1f.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216447","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216447,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7216447","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/9.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/9.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216447/89e64c2220/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-89e64c2220.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216784","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216784,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nold demolished factory 3D model\n\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216784/0be4d46168/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0be4d46168.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223207","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223207,"title":" oil rig 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers'","imageAlt":"oil rig 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/oil-rig-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/a210qw1p3g3sc5okx3o4zdxmoidp/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/a210qw1p3g3sc5okx3o4zdxmoidp/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/oil-rig-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223207/b27a295d85/oil-rig-3d-model-3d-model-b27a295d85.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5014977","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5014977,"title":"Stone fireplace","price":19.0,"description":"Antique stone fireplace lowpoly 3D model. Real-time ready, multiple import formats\n\n- Real world scale\n- Just import inside your real-time engine and start working\n- Materials and textures included\n- Textures Diffuse, metallic, roughness, normal\n- 115 polygons 150 vertices\n- 4096x4096 textures\n- Unwrapped UVs non-overlapping\n- Linear workflow gamma 2.2 optimized textures\n- Native forrmat: max 2023\n- Other import formats: fbx, abc, dae, obj, 3ds, wrl, dxf\n- Textures coordinates preserved in all import formats, some formats may require textures to be reassigned\n\nThank you for reading","imageAlt":"Stone fireplace 3D asset realtime","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/stone-fireplace-358c2047-ec26-4e0a-81a4-1c5aeb1135e1","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vH4BdZTXpyhEgdNcajXVace9/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/orsCam_01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vH4BdZTXpyhEgdNcajXVace9/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/orsCam_01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/stone-fireplace-358c2047-ec26-4e0a-81a4-1c5aeb1135e1","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":188,"name":".wrl","is_native":false},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":7,"name":".dxf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5014977/c82bac02cc/stone-fireplace-3d-model-c82bac02cc.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7220608","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7220608,"title":" old mining tower 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"old mining tower 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-mining-tower-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/bdjkvvwqv8ia0lgrj81p0qnfqcwy/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/bdjkvvwqv8ia0lgrj81p0qnfqcwy/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-mining-tower-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7220608/b6b27555a5/old-mining-tower-3d-model-3d-model-b6b27555a5.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7213191","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213191,"title":"scrap crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213191/967119b0ee/scrap-crane-3d-model-3d-model-967119b0ee.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5223093","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5223093,"title":"Bio Ethanol Burner White","price":24.0,"description":"Bio Ethanol Burner White is a three-dimensional model of outdoor rectangular decorative bio-ethanol burner, which is an ethanol fireplace (bio-ethanol fireplace, bio fireplace), and which uses bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass).\n\nA type of fireplace which burns ethanol fuel, and which can be installed without a chimney. Ethanol for these fires is often marketed as bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass). Real flame decorative accessory which is powered by bio-ethanol fuel, and which emits no smoke or odors, ensuring a clean and enjoyable outdoor experience. Perfect for gatherings or romantic evenings under the stars, this burner is a must-have for any outdoor enthusiast.\n\nFor fireplace facilities, backyard constructions, outdoor warming appliances, home yard gas burning devices, garden fireplace type equipment, ECO type heaters, camping devices, home fireplace devices, garden warming furniture, campfire parking type tools, bonfire style accessories promotional projects.\nBio Ethanol Burner White is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 13 png (4096X4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Bio Ethanol Burner White 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/bio-ethanol-burner-white","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/foyjxNSbkz719AuivxiWKRny/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Bio-Ethanol-Burner-White-3d-model-001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/foyjxNSbkz719AuivxiWKRny/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Bio-Ethanol-Burner-White-3d-model-001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/bio-ethanol-burner-white","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5223093/4da1c38dc4/bio-ethanol-burner-white-3d-model-4da1c38dc4.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7222809","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222809,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222809/6c7055536c/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-6c7055536c.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216698","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216698,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216698/9d549abd3d/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-9d549abd3d.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5223130","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5223130,"title":"Black Bioethanol Burner","price":24.0,"description":"Black Bioethanol Burner is a three-dimensional model of outdoor rectangular decorative bio-ethanol burner, which is a decorative ethanol fireplace (bio fireplace or bio-ethanol fireplace), and which uses bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass).\n\nOutdoor decorative tabletop bio-ethanol burner which is crafted for both style and functionality, this burner serves as a stunning centerpiece for any outdoor tabletop. Utilizing bio-ethanol as its fuel source, it produces a mesmerizing flame without the hassle of smoke or ash. Whether placed on a patio, deck, or garden table, this burner creates an inviting atmosphere for gatherings or quiet moments of relaxation outdoors.\n\nFor fireplace facilities, home yard gas burning devices, garden fireplace type equipment, ECO type heaters, camping devices, home fireplace devices, garden warming furniture, campfire parking type tools, backyard constructions, outdoor warming appliances, and bonfire style accessories promotional projects.\nBlack Bioethanol Burner is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 13 png (4096X4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Black Bioethanol Burner 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/black-bioethanol-burner","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/adFK3thGoW5hQxpkXNxdiBtG/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Black-Bioethanol-Burner-3d-model-001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/adFK3thGoW5hQxpkXNxdiBtG/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Black-Bioethanol-Burner-3d-model-001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/black-bioethanol-burner","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5223130/8826f4d3e6/black-bioethanol-burner-3d-model-8826f4d3e6.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7216848","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216848,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216848/75271943c1/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-75271943c1.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5240896","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5240896,"title":"White Bio-Ethanol Burner Switched Off","price":24.0,"description":"White Bio-Ethanol Burner Switched Off is a three-dimensional model of outdoor rectangular decorative bio-ethanol burner, which is an ethanol fireplace (bio fireplace or bio-ethanol fireplace), and which uses bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass).\n\nThis stylish tabletop burner is designed to enhance outdoor spaces with its decorative appeal. Fueled by bio-ethanol, it offers a clean and environmentally-friendly flame, making it perfect for adding ambiance to your patio or garden. Its compact size and portable nature make it ideal for tabletop use, allowing you to enjoy the warmth and flickering flames anywhere outdoors.\n\nFor fireplace facilities, outdoor warming appliances, home yard gas burning devices, garden fireplace type equipment, ECO type heaters, camping devices, home fireplace devices, garden warming furniture, campfire parking type tools, backyard constructions, and bonfire style accessories promotional projects.\n\nWhite Bio-Ethanol Burner Switched Off is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 6 png (4096X4096) \n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"White Bio-Ethanol Burner Switched Off 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/white-bio-ethanol-burner-switched-off","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vqhz7doivApBeiDCfUk88RtV/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/White-Bio-Ethanol-Burner-Switched-Off-3ds-model-001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vqhz7doivApBeiDCfUk88RtV/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/White-Bio-Ethanol-Burner-Switched-Off-3ds-model-001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/white-bio-ethanol-burner-switched-off","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5240896/d59d84d935/white-bio-ethanol-burner-switched-off-3d-model-d59d84d935.jpg","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7116522","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7116522,"title":"Modern Hanging Fireplace Support Stand Black","price":19.0,"description":"Modern Hanging Fireplace Support Stand Black is a 3d model of a modern, stylish heater integrated with a chimney, designed for efficient indoor heating.\n\nFeaturing a sleek, minimalistic design, this heater is constructed from durable materials to ensure longevity and performance. The chimney effectively vents smoke, while the heater provides consistent warmth. Its aesthetic appeal makes it suitable for contemporary home environments, adding both functionality and style to living spaces.\n\nFor interior design, architectural visualization, modern home heating solutions, eco-friendly living, sustainable architecture, residential projects, commercial building designs, home decor, seasonal promotions, energy-efficient appliances, and innovative household technologies.\nModern Hanging Fireplace Support Stand Black is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was modeled in 3ds Max 2018 and has a 3ds Max 2015 version, and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no post-processing.\n\n\n*********************************\nFeatures:\n- High-quality polygonal model.\n- Maintained real-world scale.\n- Models have Turbosmooth Modifier applied, so the resolution can be increased or decreased.\n- Model is fully textured with all materials applied.\n- All colors can be easily modified.\n- All textures and materials are included.\n- No 3rd-Party Plugin needed to open the Scene.\n- Correctly Rename: Objects, Groups, and Layers\n- So, no cleaning necessary, just drop the models into your scene and start rendering.\n- Units used - centimeters [cm]\n\n*********************************\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2020 V-Ray 5\n- 3ds Max 2018 PBR\n- 3ds Max 2018 V-Ray 3.6\n- 3ds Max 2015 V-Ray 3.6\n- Blender 2.80 Cycles PBR\n- 3DS\n- OBJ\n- FBX\n- DWG\n- Glb - (If you need more optimized model for e-commerce and web AR. \nplease contact us with your custom request.)\n\n- Gltf - (If you need more optimized model for e-commerce and web AR. \nplease contact us with your custom request.)\n\n- Usdz - (If you need more optimized model for e-commerce and web AR. \nplease contact us with your custom request.)\n\n*********************************\nFeel free to leave your opinion in comments and check out my other models just click on our username to see complete gallery.\n3dxin","imageAlt":"Omega Curve Glass Canopy Rangehood 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/kitchenware/omega-curve-glass-canopy-rangehood","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6147pb5ahj2ue50as04phubx3ww4/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/01_Omega%20Curve%20Glass%20Canopy.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6147pb5ahj2ue50as04phubx3ww4/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/01_Omega%20Curve%20Glass%20Canopy.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/kitchenware/omega-curve-glass-canopy-rangehood","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"kitchenware","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Kitchenware","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6544315/71cf25ad64/omega-curve-glass-canopy-rangehood-3d-model-71cf25ad64.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223283","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223283,"title":"old silo 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision me","imageAlt":"old silo 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-silo-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9cvp88st716ckgxs69umb29fy94t/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9cvp88st716ckgxs69umb29fy94t/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-silo-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223283/83bcd4d4d8/old-silo-3d-model-3d-model-83bcd4d4d8.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7214286","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7214286,"title":"water tank 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\n\n\nCotton was a difficult raw material for Europe to obtain before it was grown on colonial plantations.[35] Spanish explorers found Native Americans growing sea island (Gossypium barbadense) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sea island cotton was exported from Barbados from the 1650s. Upland cotton was uneconomical because of the difficulty of removing seed, a problem solved by the cotton gin.[13]: 157  A strain of cotton seed brought from Mexico to Na","imageAlt":"water tank 3D model 7214286","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/water-tank-3d-model-28193064-ccb6-4094-9630-a13a31ed2519","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/49mjg2nqtyb9othk26fmuy8lj28k/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/49mjg2nqtyb9othk26fmuy8lj28k/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/water-tank-3d-model-28193064-ccb6-4094-9630-a13a31ed2519","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7214286/8abcdb2a62/water-tank-3d-model-3d-model-8abcdb2a62.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7161423","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7161423,"title":"Weber Chimney Starter Tool Metallic Silver","price":19.0,"description":"Weber Chimney Starter Tool Metallic Silver is a 3d model of a steel charcoal starter designed for grilling enthusiasts and outdoor cooking.\n\nThe model depicts a cylindrical container with a handle, specifically crafted to facilitate the quick and even ignition of charcoal. Its perforated structure ensures optimal airflow, allowing for a faster and more efficient lighting process. The robust handle ensures safety during handling, even when the chimney is hot.\n\nFor outdoor cooking equipment, grilling technology, barbecue enthusiasts, camping gear design, culinary tools, backyard cookouts, tailgating events, kitchen and home accessories, food service industry, catering equipment, grill master tools, garden parties, sustainable cooking practices, recreational cooking equipment, and camping supplies.\nWeber Chimney Starter Tool Metallic Silver is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n-4 png (4096x4096)\n-Dimensions 32,93 x 20,0 x H32,24cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Weber Chimney Starter Tool Metallic Silver","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/household-tools/weber-chimney-starter-tool-metallic-silver","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qhq1fa86bfrbxm9ejoxm1d400ju9/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Weber_Chimney_Starter_Tool_Metallic_Silver_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qhq1fa86bfrbxm9ejoxm1d400ju9/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Weber_Chimney_Starter_Tool_Metallic_Silver_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/household/household-tools/weber-chimney-starter-tool-metallic-silver","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"household","subcategorySlug":"household-tools","categoryTitle":"Household","subcategoryTitle":"Tools","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7161423/b07482dc13/weber-chimney-starter-tool-metallic-silver-3d-model-b07482dc13.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"3510265","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3510265,"title":"Port Fireplace Tools Black","price":29.0,"description":"**Port Fireplace Tools Black is a three-dimensional model of a metal tools (instruments) which can be used for fireside handling works.**\n\nFireplace (chimney, open home fire hearth or fireside) toolkit which consists of a special broom, stoker, spade and a metal stand for hanging them. \nFor fireplace home interior, home open fire heaters, fireside tools, vintage fireside furnishings country hearth stoves, conventional fireplace devices, modern secondary home heating, fireside interior, fireplace accessories, vintage household heating equipment, wood burning home heaters, or fireplace tools promotional projects.\n\nPort Fireplace Tools Black is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\nHope you like it!\n\n*****\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n*****\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R14 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n*****\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (2048x2048)\n","imageAlt":"3D model Port Fireplace Tools Black","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/port-fireplace-tools-black","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kzPTNwMvRkf2fWY6JmXCE5d1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Port_Fireplace_Tools_Black_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kzPTNwMvRkf2fWY6JmXCE5d1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Port_Fireplace_Tools_Black_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/port-fireplace-tools-black","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3510265/629ec977bc/port-fireplace-tools-black-3d-model-629ec977bc.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5222997","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5222997,"title":"Black Bio Ethanol Fireplace Switched Off","price":19.0,"description":"Black Bio Ethanol Fireplace Switched Off is a three-dimensional model of outdoor rectangular decorative bio-ethanol burner, which is a decorative ethanol fireplace (decorative bio fireplace or bio-ethanol fireplace), and which uses bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass).\n\nOutdoor decorative tabletop bio-ethanol burner, which elegantly designed burner, and which adds a touch of sophistication to any setting or outdoor yard space, while its bio-ethanol fuel ensures a clean and eco-friendly flame. Its compact size makes it perfect for tabletop use, allowing you to easily move it around your outdoor area. Whether used for entertaining guests or simply enjoying a quiet evening outdoors, this burner creates a cozy atmosphere that enhances any outdoor decor.\n\nFor fireplace facilities, garden fireplace type equipment, ECO type heaters, camping devices, home fireplace devices, garden warming furniture, campfire parking type tools, backyard constructions, outdoor warming appliances, home yard gas burning devices, and bonfire style accessories promotional projects.\nBlack Bio Ethanol Fireplace Switched Off is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2014 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\n- All textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2014 V - Ray and standard materials scenes\n- Blender 2.8 Eevee materials scene\n- Maya 2016 V-Ray, Hardware and Redshift materials scenes\n- Cinema 4D R17 V-Ray and Standard materials scene\n- Modo 10.2 Standard materials scene\n- OBJ, 3DS, FBX (Multi Formats)\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 6 png (4096X4096)\n\n\n3d Molier International is a team of 3D artists with over a 15 years of experience. The company participated in various projects allowing us to learn our clients needs. Every model we build goes through thorough Quality assessment both visual and technical to make sure the assets look realistic and the models are of the best quality, which you can tell by looking at the renders - none of the has any postprocessing.\n\nWe produce 3D models. This is our main activity. Our goal is to create a 3D copy of all objects on the world.\nBuy 3D models from professionals!\nAlso check out our other models, just click on our user name to see complete gallery.\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2024\n","imageAlt":"Black Bio Ethanol Fireplace Switched Off 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/black-bio-ethanol-fireplace-switched-off","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Hnire826oRvVqzvAT6wSTtJW/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Black-Bio-Ethanol-Fireplace-Switched-Off-vray-3d-model-001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Hnire826oRvVqzvAT6wSTtJW/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Black-Bio-Ethanol-Fireplace-Switched-Off-vray-3d-model-001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/black-bio-ethanol-fireplace-switched-off","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5222997/c36ac8321f/black-bio-ethanol-fireplace-switched-off-3d-model-c36ac8321f.jpg","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7218722","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7218722,"title":" old steel factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"he Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-steel-factory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7pirl1pqipqnb281j949mrasd2yh/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7pirl1pqipqnb281j949mrasd2yh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-steel-factory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7218722/81a79d91ed/old-steel-factory-3d-model-3d-model-81a79d91ed.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"1961384","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":1961384,"title":"Rustic Stone Fireplace with Chimney","price":6.0,"description":"useful in many applications.\n\nPoly count: 1691\n\nobj, fbx, and blender file included.\n\nMaps include Base Color, Normal, Matalic and Roughness\n\nPlease let us know if you have any questions or need other formats. If you need more models of a similar style to complete your scene, please visit our page or make requests.","imageAlt":"Rustic Stone Fireplace with Chimney 3D model low-poly","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/peasant-farmer-man-clothing-collection-02","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/B8CynHZ1cwNEz3XLBnVQjjKA/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/4.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/B8CynHZ1cwNEz3XLBnVQjjKA/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/4.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/peasant-farmer-man-clothing-collection-02","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/1961384/332601ba5d/rustic-stone-fireplace-with-chimney-3d-model-332601ba5d.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"3158965","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3158965,"title":"potbelly stove","price":3.0,"description":"Potbelly stove model. This model have a polygon mesh and uv maps. Consists of 7907 vertices, 7611 polygons. Model has dimensions 0.64mx0.66mx1.16m. Texture resolution 4096x4096. If you have problems with textures or materials, you can add them yourself. It is provided with this file.\n I have included some other file formats (fbx, obj). This model have polygon mesh.\n\nOBJ, STL and FBX files do not have anti-aliasing. Use an anti-aliasing modifier.\n\nForms and proportions similar to real world object.\n\nCoordinates of location of the model in space (x0, y0, z0).\n\nDoes not contain extraneous or hidden objects (lights, cameras, shapes etc.).\n\nCreate blender 2.91.2\nRender: cycles\n\nFile includes\n\n.obj file\n.fbx file\n.stl file\n.blend file\n\nRoughness, Normal, Metallic, BaseColor, Emissive maps.","imageAlt":"3D potbelly stove","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/potbelly-stove-4ab10166-d1db-4d38-8485-c67d384cef92","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/xXQEojpLiFLuBUXNvNqBL9tY/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/render1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/xXQEojpLiFLuBUXNvNqBL9tY/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/render1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/potbelly-stove-4ab10166-d1db-4d38-8485-c67d384cef92","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3158965/206428843a/potbelly-stove-3d-model-206428843a.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6629126","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6629126,"title":"Modular Vintage Cast Iron Wood Stove and Chimney Set","price":19.99,"description":"Studio Fjuna\n\n \n\n==================================================\n\n \n\nIncludes Nanite mesh, ideal for next gen and realtime applications.\n\nPlease look at the polycount for the High-Poly version below.\n\n \n\nWe include 512px, 1024px, 2048px and 4096px Textures for High Poly assets!\n\nJust drag and drop the desired resolution from the Individual meshes folder into the unreal textures folder and you're all set!\n\nPlease keep in mind that the actual texture count in use is 1/4th of the given amount in Technical Details provided by FAB.\n\n \n\nNot rigged or animated. Mesh is merged and intended for set dressing.\n\nThis Model does not include a Low-Poly. This model is intended to be used with Nanite for real-time applications or for cinematic purposes in other programs.\n\n\n\nThis Fireplace Model is split into various meshes and can be set up to be interactable (system not included!). The doors can be opened and the knobs and levers can be moved. There are also 4 exhaust pipe meshes and a chimney. (You can set it up yourself in unreal via blueprint!).\n\n \n\n==================================================\n\n \n\nAssets Included:\n\n- Modular Fireplace (14 meshes)\n\n \n\n==================================================\n\n \n\nWe’re here to assist you! If you have any questions, encounter issues, or have suggestions to improve our work, please don’t hesitate to reach out.\n\n \n\nContact us at:\n\nEmail: Contact@fjuna.com\n\n \n\nWe value your feedback and strive to provide the best possible experience.\n\n \n\n==================================================\n\n \n\n------------------------------\n\n--- Technical Specifications ---\n\n------------------------------\n\n \n\nIncluded File formats for each mesh: FBX, GLB, OBJ, STL\n\n \n\nMeshes Breakdown:\n\n- High-Poly Meshes: 14\n\n- High-Poly Vertices: 40,784\n\n------------------------------\n\n \n\nTextures Breakdown:\n\nTextures are organized by resolution within the High-Poly subfolders for this asset.\n\n \n\n  --- High-Poly Textures (by resolution) ---\n\n    4096px = 3\n\n    2048px = 3\n\n    1024px = 3\n\n    512px = 3\n\n \n\n  - Total Texture Files Included (All Resolutions): 12\n\n \n\n==================================================","imageAlt":"Modular Vintage Cast Iron Wood Stove and Chimney 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/appliance/modular-vintage-cast-iron-wood-stove-and-chimney-set","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pz7v693j61c01e43uyo5zicke448/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/vaulted_modular_fireplace-3d-model-cde05d4e07.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pz7v693j61c01e43uyo5zicke448/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/vaulted_modular_fireplace-3d-model-cde05d4e07.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/appliance/modular-vintage-cast-iron-wood-stove-and-chimney-set","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"appliance","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Appliance","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6629126/cde05d4e07/modular-vintage-cast-iron-wood-stove-and-chimney-set-3d-model-cde05d4e07.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2582338","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2582338,"title":"Medieval Fireplace","price":10.0,"description":"Highly realistic and detailed Medieval Fireplace fully textured, sculpted and rendered with Physical based rendering (PBR) - Shown images have been rendered in Substance Painter (Iray).\n\nHigh Quality textures 2048x2048 (tga).\nSet 1: Fireplace -Baked textures\nSet 2: Chimeny -Tile texture\n\nTexture\n-Metallic \n-Normal \n-Color \n-Roughness\n -AO\n\nVerts: 854 \nEdges: 1739 \nFaces: 904\nTris: 1656\n\nFile formats: \n-Fbx(Binary)\n -Fbx(ASCII) \n-Maya 2019","imageAlt":"3D asset Medieval Fireplace","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/kitchen-furniture/medieval-fireplace","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oqsHbP13v7GW3AcCVnyFj36n/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Chimeny%20render%201.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oqsHbP13v7GW3AcCVnyFj36n/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Chimeny%20render%201.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/kitchen-furniture/medieval-fireplace","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"kitchen-furniture","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Kitchen","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2582338/767ee5b0e3/medieval-fireplace-3d-model-767ee5b0e3.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7184284","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7184284,"title":"Portable Camping Tent Stove Stainless Steel","price":39.0,"description":"Portable Camping Tent Stove Stainless Steel is a three-dimensional model of portable camping stove that is a compact and efficient outdoor heating device, designed for enthusiasts who enjoy cooking and staying warm in the great outdoors.\n\nCrafted from sturdy stainless steel, this stove is built for durability and portability. It features a glass door for easy monitoring of the fire, and a detachable pipe for effective smoke ventilation. The foldable legs provide stability and convenience, making it easy to transport and set up in various environments.\n\nFor camping gear, outdoor activities, hiking equipment, portable heating solutions, survival tools, expedition planning, off-grid living, outdoor sports, adventure travel, wilderness retreats, glamping setups, eco-tourism, bushcraft essentials, and portable outdoor kitchens.\nPortable Camping Tent Stove Stainless Steel is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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The stove includes a tall, detachable chimney for optimal smoke dispersal, folding legs for stability and portability, and a sealed door to maintain consistent heat. Its lightweight design makes it easy to transport and ideal for camping, hiking, or any outdoor adventure.\n\nFor camping gear, outdoor activities, hiking equipment, portable heating solutions, survival tools, expedition planning, off-grid living, outdoor sports, adventure travel, wilderness retreats, glamping setups, eco-tourism, bushcraft essentials, portable outdoor kitchens, and recreational gear promotional projects.\n\nHeated Camping Tent Stove Stainless Steel is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096x4096) \n- Dimensions 85,22 x 161,99 x H347,63cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Heated Camping Tent Stove Stainless Steel","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/heated-camping-tent-stove-stainless-steel","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/bj4kdqrbj8zwp1nm3g0m1xdt69ay/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Heated_Camping_Tent_Stove_Stainless_Steel_004.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/bj4kdqrbj8zwp1nm3g0m1xdt69ay/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Heated_Camping_Tent_Stove_Stainless_Steel_004.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/heated-camping-tent-stove-stainless-steel","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7184247/f27aac22c9/heated-camping-tent-stove-stainless-steel-3d-model-f27aac22c9.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7179393","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7179393,"title":"Hot Dirty Outdoor Tent Stove Matte Black Finish","price":39.0,"description":"Hot Dirty Outdoor Tent Stove Matte Black Finish is a three-dimensional model of a portable camp heating unit designed for rugged outdoor use, often employed in tent setups, backcountry expeditions, or off-grid environments.\n\nThis model showcases a boxy steel stove body with a matte black surface, reinforced door with latch and ventilation slots, sturdy foldable legs, and a vividly oxidized metallic chimney pipe that gradients from blue to bronze due to high-heat exposure. The exterior surface features realistic wear and soot marks for added authenticity, ideal for wilderness-themed renders.\n\nFor outdoor camping simulations, survival gear visualization, winter sports promotion, emergency heating solution showcases, wilderness survival VR experiences, military expedition planning, bushcraft and hunting scenes, off-grid lifestyle promotional content, and camp utility design visualization.\n\nHot Dirty Outdoor Tent Stove Matte Black Finish is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096x4096) \n- Dimensions 85,22 x 161,99 x H347,63cm\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Hot Dirty Outdoor Tent Stove Matte Black Finish","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/hot-dirty-outdoor-tent-stove-matte-black-finish","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/yp72e6ljcxbb23qjcqg5xbgy71qu/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Hot_Dirty_Outdoor_Tent_Stove_Matte_Black_Finish_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/yp72e6ljcxbb23qjcqg5xbgy71qu/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Hot_Dirty_Outdoor_Tent_Stove_Matte_Black_Finish_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/hot-dirty-outdoor-tent-stove-matte-black-finish","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7179393/15d1134a72/hot-dirty-outdoor-tent-stove-matte-black-finish-3d-model-15d1134a72.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"3027791","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3027791,"title":"Old Town Square","price":180.0,"description":"Old Town Square\nis a low poly models set. The pack includes over 40 models combined into one scene. It is mainly ready for a render. All you need to do is just adjust the light for your scene. \n Some of architectural models have several Deffuse, Normal, Specular and Glass maps to give more variety into the scene.   So it alow you to reorganise your scene easily. You need to just change maps or position of your houses. For example : House N6 has 5 variations of  maps. By changing them you change your scene view. The same thing is regarding the flowers.\n Beside that architectural models have Emission maps for the night scene. All maps, except Emission, are made in PNG file format . Emission maps are made in JPEG format.  \nAll models are made in OBJ and FBX format.  The scenes represented in 3ds Max, Obj, FBX and Marmoset Toolbag3 file formats.  \nThe render of demo video made in Marmoset Toolbag3.\n\nTotal Models Topology:\nPolys:67768\nVerts:57816\nScene Topology:\nPolys:625751\nVerts:662712","imageAlt":"3D model Old Town Square","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/architectural-street/old-town-square","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/3qHWKCNuz689LzXWXFocLuce/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0.Main%20Pages%20%284%29.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/3qHWKCNuz689LzXWXFocLuce/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0.Main%20Pages%20%284%29.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/architectural-street/old-town-square","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":201,"name":".fbm","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":137,"name":".tbscene","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"architectural-street","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Street","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3027791/cd7b022deb/old-town-square-3d-model-cd7b022deb.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223243","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223243,"title":"Coal Loader 3D Model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-loader-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qzrznw9kup51y4bqdzv9w6p7580w/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qzrznw9kup51y4bqdzv9w6p7580w/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-loader-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223243/2309d300ab/coal-loader-3d-model-3d-model-2309d300ab.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223292","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223292,"title":" Coal mine extraction tower 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision me","imageAlt":"Coal mine extraction tower 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7gpojifymkvgapq4jug29kzye699/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7gpojifymkvgapq4jug29kzye699/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223292/6166b93414/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model-3d-model-6166b93414.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7222736","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222736,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a3366b4b-a92e-4bfe-ae28-103abcf830df","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1k34hslwx04zwn45k8z9tvw5rqm/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1k34hslwx04zwn45k8z9tvw5rqm/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a3366b4b-a92e-4bfe-ae28-103abcf830df","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222736/f1a5dc2d95/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-f1a5dc2d95.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7222845","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222845,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7222845","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-0442b23b-8aa2-494b-bbca-12a219e5b86e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/rsvwa0li9v18yz47mlr539n5x4sv/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/rsvwa0li9v18yz47mlr539n5x4sv/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-0442b23b-8aa2-494b-bbca-12a219e5b86e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222845/c24a71623b/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-c24a71623b.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"990132","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":990132,"title":"Wood Stove","price":56.0,"description":"======================================================\nHighly detailed scene of a modern Wood Stove with accessories.\n======================================================\nCreated in Maya 2008 and rendered with mental ray. Maya scene file includes lighting setup and is ready to render. All other file formats contain identical polygonal geometry and layout as seen above with clean and accurate construction (see wire frames above) and are built to scale.\nEvery functioning part has been fully and accurately modeled including interior grate and stove pipe, making this model ideal for print work and closeups. Colors can be changed easily. Each file format has been checked with the appropriate software. Includes optional HDR Image for reflections.\n\nMany other high quality models and scenes are available from this artist.","imageAlt":"Wood Stove 3D model fire-place","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/wood-stove-0e9b0b6b-01c4-42e0-be63-7cc853945d58","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/yE8XSK1UiZgG8uxD5RH5JWec/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/wood-stove-3d-model-max-obj-3ds-c4d-lwo-lw-lws-ma-mb.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/yE8XSK1UiZgG8uxD5RH5JWec/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/wood-stove-3d-model-max-obj-3ds-c4d-lwo-lw-lws-ma-mb.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/wood-stove-0e9b0b6b-01c4-42e0-be63-7cc853945d58","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":7,"name":".dxf","is_native":false},{"id":8,"name":".lwo","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/990132/5ba68205fd/wood-stove-3d-model-5ba68205fd.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"4430292","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4430292,"title":"Split Fire wood logs 3d model","price":15.0,"description":"Introducing our high-quality 3D model of firewood, perfect for use in architectural visualizations, games, and other creative projects. This model accurately depicts a pile of split and seasoned firewood, ready for use in a fireplace, wood stove, or outdoor campfire.\n\nCrafted with attention to detail, our model includes a variety of wood types and sizes, arranged in a natural and aesthetically pleasing way. The textures and materials used in this model are of high quality, allowing for photorealistic renders and animations.\n\nOur firewood 3D model is available in multiple file formats, including OBJ, FBX, making it compatible with most 3D software programs. It is also optimized for use in game engines, allowing you to add realistic firewood to your virtual environments.\n\nWhether you're an architect, game designer, or visual artist, our 3D model of firewood is the perfect tool for enhancing your projects. Order now and add a touch of realism to your virtual scenes!\n\nCheck my other models if you like","imageAlt":"Split Fire wood logs 3d model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/split-fire-wood-logs-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gVY6CKydPbcnis4iGEC3RBSG/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/ts_thumb_fire.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gVY6CKydPbcnis4iGEC3RBSG/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/ts_thumb_fire.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/split-fire-wood-logs-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4430292/c4afc7db38/split-fire-wood-logs-3d-model-3d-model-c4afc7db38.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true}},{"id":"2945386","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2945386,"title":"Old Furniture - Interior Cabin ","price":7.99,"description":"3D Low-poly Game Assets modeled in Maya and textured in Substance Painter, ready for games.\n\n- Bed - 502 Verts\n- Stove - 960 Verts\n- Chair 1 - 88 Verts\n- Chair 1 - 164 Verts\n- Chair 3 - 80 Verts\n- Cabinet - 1356 Verts (all drawers and doors are separate, you can open or close them)\n- Table - 72 Verts\n- Firewood for stove - 18 Verts\n- Flashlight -270 Verts\n- Candle - 320 Verts\n- Map - 110 Verts\n- Painting - 16 Verts\n- Carpet - 8 Verts\n- Metal Plank - 8 Verts\n- Shelf - 24 Verts\n\n- All texture packed into a zip file\n- Textures - .png\n- Rendered in Substance Painter\n- File formats: .OBJ .FBX .ma\n- 2k textures\n- Base Color\n- Normal\n- Packed Occlusion Roughness Metallic","imageAlt":"Old Furniture - Interior Cabin 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/old-furniture-interior-cabin","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/APASMpfSRAznqWFvUhNHV4Jc/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Pic1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/APASMpfSRAznqWFvUhNHV4Jc/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Pic1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/old-furniture-interior-cabin","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2945386/92e324d240/old-furniture-interior-cabin-3d-model-92e324d240.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6512612","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6512612,"title":"Rustic stone chimney with intricate brickwork and textured base ","price":2.0,"description":"Files available for strictly personal and exclusive use: no commercial use or sharing with others is allowed, thank you. Our models can easily be rescaled in your slicer if necessary : our models are compatible **from the 6/10mm to the 28/32mm scales** or above. In partnership with the designer Creator of the STL worlds. The files will be available immediately after your order. Feel free to contact us for any question !\n\n- All our articles on our website : www. hartolia-miniatures. fr\n- Facebook : www. facebook. com/hartoliaminiatures\n- Instagram : www. instagram. com/hartoliaminiatures\n- Kickstarter : www. kickstarter. com/profile/hartolia-miniatures/created\n","imageAlt":"Rustic stone chimney with intricate 3D print model 3","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/miniatures/architectural/rustic-stone-chimney-with-intricate-brickwork-and-textured-base","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/t7d6nz05cth4eia3h53rcjxkjfmo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1%20PREM%20SW-MT-A10.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/t7d6nz05cth4eia3h53rcjxkjfmo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1%20PREM%20SW-MT-A10.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/miniatures/architectural/rustic-stone-chimney-with-intricate-brickwork-and-textured-base","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":true,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"miniatures","subcategorySlug":"architectural","categoryTitle":"Miniatures","subcategoryTitle":"Architecture","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6512612/5490aaa439/rustic-stone-chimney-with-intricate-brickwork-and-textured-base-3d-model-5490aaa439.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7135434","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7135434,"title":"Wood Fired Bread Oven Stainless Steel","price":49.0,"description":"Wood Fired Bread Oven Stainless Steel is a three-dimensional model of compact, high-performance pizza oven designed for outdoor and home use.\n\nThis modern portable pizza oven is a small, transportable cooking device for making pizzas outdoors. It works with wood, charcoal, or gas, allowing flexible use at home or on trips.\n\nFor home cooking, outdoor dining, food trucks, catering, restaurants, pizzerias, street food events, culinary demonstrations, camping, backyard parties, and gourmet cooking.\nWood Fired Bread Oven Stainless Steel is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was modeled in 3ds Max 2018 also has 3ds Max 2015 version and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no post-processing.\n\n\n*********************************\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model.\n- Maintained Real world scale.\n- Models has Turbosmooth Modifier applied, So, Resolution can be increase or decrease.\n- Model is fully textured with all materials applied.\n- All colors can be easily modified.\n- All textures and materials are included.\n- No 3rd-Party Plugin needed to open the Scene.\n- Correctly Rename: Objects, Groups and Layers\n- So, no cleaning necessary, just drop the models into your scene and start rendering.\n- Units used - centimeters [cm]\n\n*********************************\nFile Formats:\n- 3ds Max 2020 V-Ray 5\n- 3ds Max 2018 PBR\n- 3ds Max 2018 V-Ray 3.6\n- 3ds Max 2015 V-Ray 3.6\n- Blender 2.80 Cycles PBR\n- 3DS\n- OBJ\n- FBX\n- DWG\n\n*********************************\nFeel free to leave your opinion in comments and check out my other models just click on our username to see complete gallery.\n3dxin","imageAlt":"3D ILVE Island Range Hood ILIH900X","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/ilve-island-range-hood-ilih900x","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/nBopdkRmSnMMRMXMf3ysC1pr/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Preview_CSa.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/nBopdkRmSnMMRMXMf3ysC1pr/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Preview_CSa.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/ilve-island-range-hood-ilih900x","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":4,"name":".dwg","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4865154/e9d3b2d285/ilve-island-range-hood-ilih900x-3d-model-e9d3b2d285.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7160584","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7160584,"title":"Charcoal Ignition Cylinder Metallic","price":19.0,"description":"Charcoal Ignition Cylinder Metallic is a 3d model of a stainless steel device used for igniting charcoal quickly and efficiently. It\u0026#39;s an essential tool for outdoor grilling enthusiasts and chefs.\n\nThe model depicts a cylindrical shape with a heat-resistant handle and perforations along the sides to ensure optimal airflow. This design allows charcoal to light evenly and quickly, eliminating the need for lighter fluid. Its robust construction makes it a durable and practical addition to any grilling setup.\n\nFor outdoor cooking, grilling enthusiasts, barbecue events, camping gear, culinary schools, restaurant equipment, fire safety training, backyard barbecues, DIY grill projects, eco-friendly cooking methods, camping adventures, grill manufacturers, food festivals, and sustainable cooking practices.\nCharcoal Ignition Cylinder Metallic is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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Bake-ready static lighting map is included.\n\n**Technical Details**\n- Professional quality hand created assets with clean UVs. This allows clean lightmap bakes.\n- Master materials with parametrized adjustments.\n- Collisions included.\n- Vertex animated industrial fans included, as well as blinking tower lights.\n\nFile formats included:\n- Unreal Engine 5.4.4 project file. \n- Please note that lightmap cache is not included, to conserve bandwidth. But the lightmap bake was tested.\n\nNote:\n- Interiors of the structures are not included.\n- Although there is no particular issue using the assets for games, it should be noted that these are more designed to be used for cinematics or purely visual assets. ","imageAlt":"3D asset Modular Industrial Refinery in Japan","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/modular-industrial-refinery-in-japan","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/hdbm87cnr6w9slcoef5jfyutfao5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/HighresScreenshot00000.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/hdbm87cnr6w9slcoef5jfyutfao5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/HighresScreenshot00000.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/modular-industrial-refinery-in-japan","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6271631/aaa5727832/modular-industrial-refinery-in-japan-3d-model-aaa5727832.webp","saleOffDiscount":60,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7175011","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7175011,"title":"Foldable Wood Burning Stove for Tent Black","price":39.0,"description":"Foldable Wood Burning Stove for Tent Black is a three-dimensional model of a portable heating appliance designed specifically for use in tent environments or compact outdoor shelters.\n\nThis stove model features a sleek, matte black rectangular body with reinforced edges, collapsible wire-frame legs for stability and portability, and a vertically segmented chimney system. The front includes a solid hinged door with a secure latch and integrated air control panel, capturing both the functional and aesthetic qualities of a real-life backcountry stove.\n\nFor camping equipment visualization, wilderness survival gear design, tactical outfitting concepts, tent heating tutorials, eco-tourism promotional assets, off-grid living simulation, outdoor adventure product showcases, bushcraft animation environments, military expedition kits, and cold-weather field deployment design purposes.\n\nFoldable Wood Burning Stove for Tent Black is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. 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Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a741e3d6-1536-4ebe-a252-7099925773fa","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6z8yzf0nwquxkr29pwa2y4m00fjz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6z8yzf0nwquxkr29pwa2y4m00fjz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a741e3d6-1536-4ebe-a252-7099925773fa","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222882/0c97764b19/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0c97764b19.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"926663","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":926663,"title":"Industrial Chimney ","price":7.0,"description":"SmokeStack 3D Model\n\n**Blender** Format (With Correct Shading  network)   You can see at the ScreenShot.   \n\n\nTransformations are At **0.0.0** (scene origin)  \n **Non-Overlapping**  \n **Please** Copy\\Paste all Textures in Textures Folder , In same location of the Main File\n\n\n\u003e \n- **Objects Name** : \"S _Smoke _Stack _01\"\n- **Material Name** : \"M _Smoke _Stack _01\"\n\n**Textures** : 4096\\2048\\1024 **PNG**\n\n- T _SmokeStack _ 01 _Base _Color\n- T _SmokeStack  _01 _Ambient _occlusion  \n- T _ SmokeStack _ 01 _Metallic \n- T _SmokeStack _ 01 _Roughness \n- T _SmokeStack _01 _Normal _DirectX\n- T _SmokeStack _01 _Normal \n- T _SmokeStack _01 _Height\n\n**Formats**:  \n\n\u003e - 3Ds Max 2014\n- Maya 2013 \n- FBX 2006\\2011\\2016   \n- OBJ   \n- 3DS  \n- DAE\n- DWG2010\n- STL\n\n.\nIf You need any assist about my models   \n Like: Custom/Additional Marks and Logo(at no cost)) Textures and Repairing Model(UVs.Names of Meshes/Textures/Material/Pivots and..feel free :) \n\n","imageAlt":"Industrial Chimney 3D asset low-poly","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/smokestack","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/wULThnjqjmeT3mFeEgV6XUrs/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/industrial-chimney-pbr-game-ready-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-mtl-3ds-fbx-ma-mb-stl.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/wULThnjqjmeT3mFeEgV6XUrs/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/industrial-chimney-pbr-game-ready-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-mtl-3ds-fbx-ma-mb-stl.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/smokestack","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":4,"name":".dwg","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/926663/c60614db6e/industrial-chimney-3d-model-c60614db6e.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6671068","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6671068,"title":"Medieval Forge Furnace","price":8.99,"description":"**Medieval Forge Furnace 3D Model**\n\n\nThis is a low poly, high details production ready PBR 3d model\n\n\nModel is modelled in Blender, textured in Substance Painter, rendered in Blender Cycle Render Engine\n\n\n\n\n**Below you find a list of the contents**\n\n\n**Files:**\n\n\n- Blender, Cycles 4.3+ ( Textured )\n- FBX ( Textured )\n- OBJ ( Mesh Only )\n- USD ( Textured )\n\n\n**Statistics:**\n\n\n- Objects - 7\n- Triangles - 2536\n- Vertices - 1272\n\n\n\n\n**Textures:**\n\n\nAll textures come in single texture set 4096 X 4096\n\n\n- BaseColor\n- Normal GL\n- Normal DX\n- Roughness - PBR Metal/Roughness Workflow\n- Metalness - PBR Metal/Roughness Workflow\n- Height\n\n\n**\"We value your feedback! Please take a moment to share your thoughts and leave a comment !\"**\n\n\n**Thank You**\n","imageAlt":"3D asset Medieval Forge Furnace","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/medieval-forge-furnace","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oc4xfqkfnoitqcudigbf2h2j2w1j/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/MFF_CGT.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oc4xfqkfnoitqcudigbf2h2j2w1j/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/MFF_CGT.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/medieval-forge-furnace","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6671068/c688269e33/medieval-forge-furnace-3d-model-c688269e33.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"4131498","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4131498,"title":"Medieval Stone Burnt and Burning Fireplace","price":8.0,"description":"Available formats are .max .fbx .obj .3ds .stl .dae all are available inside the .7z file.\n\nCHECK OUT MY PROFILE BANNER IN MY PROFILE FOR DISCOUNT CODE!\n\n8 Available textures:\n- Burnt wood Albedo(512x512)\n- Burning Coal(1024x1024)\n- Rock texture(1024x1024)\n- Cobblestone Albedo,AO,Height,normal,Roughness(1024x1024) \n\nThere are 4 meshes available:\n- Burnt Fireplace 1 : 236 polys, 498 tris, 260 verts\t\n- Burnt Fireplace 2 : 160 polys, 338 tris, 180 verts\n- Burning Fireplace 1 : 236 polys, 498 tris, 260 verts\n- Burning Fireplace 2 : 160 polys, 338 tris, 180 verts\n\nCentered at (0,0,0) Origin.\n\nThe models do not have UCX collision.\n\nModels have been tested in Unreal Engine.\n\nPlease contact me for any questions.\n","imageAlt":"3D asset Medieval Stone Burnt and Burning","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/house-interior/medieval-stone-burnt-and-burning-fireplace","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/56hoWgew4KeZQESpsPdH1PYs/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Fireplace%20thumbnail.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/56hoWgew4KeZQESpsPdH1PYs/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Fireplace%20thumbnail.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/house-interior/medieval-stone-burnt-and-burning-fireplace","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":201,"name":".fbm","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"house-interior","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4131498/86612e63a5/medieval-stone-burnt-and-burning-fireplace-3d-model-86612e63a5.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"3159179","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3159179,"title":"Westbo Classic Stove","price":25.52,"description":"- General\n\nThis is a model of the original Westbo Classic stove by Westbo of Sweden. It was modelled and prepared for photo-realistic renderings, close-ups, CG visualization. The fireplace is ready to be inserted in your scene.\n\n- Meshes\n\nThe .max stove model is presented as a group of meshes, consisting of: main piece, lower piece, stove mouths, rivets, feet, various doors and pieces. For the purpose of exporting the meshes have been attached together, but they are not welded so you can easily detach them in your software. I recommend adding a turbosmooth, meshsmooth or any other mesh subdivider for better look of the fireplace. The .max file already has it assigned.\n\n- Vray Materials\n\nAs this model was primary created for vray render engine, the vray version of the file contains also properly configured and assigned materials for the stove. Other versions have basic materials. So you will have to adjust them depending on your software and render engine.\n\n- Maps\n\nThis model comes bundled with 1 map(2K resolution) for the specific to the Pig Iron bump. All parts of the fireplace either have basic mapping or are fully UVW unwrapped.\n\n- Formats\n\nThe original file was created in 3ds Max 2011 with V-Ray materials (2.0 and above). You will receive a 3DS, OBJ, C4D, SKP, LWO, FBX and MAX file. \n\n- Information\n\nAll preview images are rendered with V-Ray/Octane. You will get only the stove and not the scenes used for the preview renders nor the wood and fire seen in the renders. The main material of the stove is Pig Iron,and the secondary is high glossiness painted metal which can be adjusted to various colours to fit your interior design project. Please also take into consideration that the preview images are the result of the post-production and the look of the fireplace in your scene may differ due to the specific settings of your own scene. Product is ready to render out-of-the-box. Please note that the lights, cameras, and any background not described above objects are not included in the product. The model is clean and alone in the provided files, centred at origin and has real-world scale.","imageAlt":"3D model Westbo Classic Stove","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/westbo-classic-stove","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Ve7afRvZ5WnWvEmndcUzQtYa/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Westbo_Classic_Stove_1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Ve7afRvZ5WnWvEmndcUzQtYa/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Westbo_Classic_Stove_1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/other/westbo-classic-stove","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":8,"name":".lwo","is_native":false},{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3159179/f57129fc21/westbo-classic-stove-3d-model-f57129fc21.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7210685","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7210685,"title":" demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable \n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n\nCotton\nParts of India, China, Central America, South America, and the Middle East have a history of hand-manufacturing cotton textiles, which became a major industry after 1000 AD. Most cotton was grown by small farmers alongside food and spun in households for domestic consumption. In the 1400s, China began to require households to pay part of their taxes in cotton cloth. By the 17th century, almost all Chinese wore cotton clothing, and it could be used as a medium of exchange. In India, cotton textiles were manufactured for distant markets, often produced by professional weavers.[35]\n\nCotton was a difficult raw material for Europe to obtain before it was grown on colonial plantations.[35] Spanish explorers found Native Americans growing sea island (Gossypium barbadense) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sea island cotton was exported from Barbados from the 1650s. Upland cotton was uneconomical because of the difficulty of removing seed, a problem solved by the cotton gin.[13]: 157  A strain of cotton seed brought from Mexico to Natchez, Mississippi, in 1806 became the parent genetic material for 90% of world production today; it produced bolls three to four times faster to pick","imageAlt":"demolished factory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/demolished-factory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vhc53c7mcu3keoidb7s23i588o1a/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/5.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vhc53c7mcu3keoidb7s23i588o1a/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/5.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/demolished-factory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7210685/7785d3ecc6/demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-7785d3ecc6.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"827897","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":827897,"title":"Fireplace Volumepack","price":35.0,"description":"Volume 04 minipack offers 16 highly detailed 3dmodels of fireplaces completely with realistic smoke, fire, firewood, fully textured, centered and grouped with all maps included\nAll models are real based on size from the manufacturers.\nEvery model is complete in various format, textured, grouped, centered and ready to render.\n\nAll models works from 3dsmax 2013-\n\nUsed software: 3ds Max, V-Ray,Corona \nAvailable formats included: \n*.max Vray \n*.max Corona \n*.3ds \n*.fbx - with mapping without materials \n*.obj - with mapping without materials\n\nHope you like it! \nAlso check out my other models, just click on my user name to see complete gallery or on our website. \n\n","imageAlt":"Fireplace Volumepack 3D","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/fireplace-volumepack","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/QzzD1XShSdyKc2i5m38TVZwf/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/fireplace-volumepack-3d-model-max-obj-3ds-fbx-pdf.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/QzzD1XShSdyKc2i5m38TVZwf/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/fireplace-volumepack-3d-model-max-obj-3ds-fbx-pdf.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/fireplace-volumepack","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":100,"name":".pdf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/827897/50526dbd52/fireplace-volumepack-3d-model-50526dbd52.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6275605","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6275605,"title":"Power and Energy assets collection","price":15.0,"description":"**Content**\n\nThis asset pack contains various 3D buildings and props in a Blender 4.5 \u0026 FBX file. They are intended for pre-calculated renders to depict power stations and energy industry facilities.\n\nAssets have a parent node if necessary.  If you are looking for rigged generators have a look at my https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/blender-solar-power-plant-generator\n\nand https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/blender-solar-power-tower-generator\n\nMost objects are fairly low-poly, so they can easily be edited to obtain a different result. Half objects comes with UVs. Shaders are mixed procedural and textures for concrete, metal, rust and glass. All maps are included in the packed file. \n\n\n\n**Clean Assets**\n\nThese assets have proper hierarchy, centers, transforms and naming. Clean topology, no fancy stuff, no subdivision. All deformers and operators have been applied. It makes them suitable for real-time engines. \nThe global scene polycount is 360K vertices, 700k triangles, half of it being the gravitationnal storage tower that is quite detailled. \n\n\n**About this project:**\n\nThese assets were made for a personnal project, the Shared World. In this not-so-distant future, the General AI (GAI) industry had merged data and energy grids together. This in order to supply the egregious amount of power it needs to administrate most of human society. \nCheck my Patreon page for more: : https://www.patreon.com/collection/277135?view=expanded Consider subscribing if you want to support my creation endeavour. \n","imageAlt":"Power and Energy assets collection","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/power-and-energy-assets-collection","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/8ynr7z493f1cfp1v2xn5bw092sjg/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Cover_B_BlenderFBX.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/8ynr7z493f1cfp1v2xn5bw092sjg/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Cover_B_BlenderFBX.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/power-and-energy-assets-collection","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6275605/d29dda43f8/power-and-energy-assets-collection-3d-model-d29dda43f8.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6510068","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6510068,"title":"Port Fireplace Tools Brass","price":29.0,"description":"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;Port Fireplace Tools Brass is a three-dimensional model of a metal instruments (tools) which can be used for fireside handling works.\u0026lt;/h1\u0026gt;\n\nFireside (chimney, open home fire hearth or fireplace) toolkit which consists of a broom, stoker, spade and a special stand for hanging them. \n\nFor fireplace home interior, fireside tools, fireside interior, vintage fireside furnishings country hearth stoves, conventional fireplace devices, modern secondary home heating, fireplace accessories, vintage household heating equipment, home open fire heaters, wood burning home heaters, or fireplace tools promotional projects.\n\nPort Fireplace Tools Brass is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max 2020 and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (2048x2048)\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International - 2025\n","imageAlt":"3D model Port Fireplace Tools Brass","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/hall/port-fireplace-tools-brass","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tvt1ipwvap0fvjrfhgkhv0h1qk8i/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Port_Fireplace_Tools_Brass_003.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tvt1ipwvap0fvjrfhgkhv0h1qk8i/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Port_Fireplace_Tools_Brass_003.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/hall/port-fireplace-tools-brass","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"hall","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Hall","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6510068/e4a017e300/port-fireplace-tools-brass-3d-model-e4a017e300.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2744537","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2744537,"title":"Enhanced Chimney Pack","price":6.0,"description":"Enhanced chimney pack for tabletop miniature sceneries, dioramas and low poly gaming, design, animation. Inspired by 80's-90's rooftop elements, these pieces designed for industrial and residental units. Includes 17 types of rooftop equipment, straight piping, with pointy and round rain shields, collector units with spinners and large exhausts with single and triple feeds. Ideal for modern, interwar and scifi settings over plastic, paper and cardboard sceneries.\n\nSPECS: %100 scaled models are made for 10MM tabletop standard (equal to a 10MM tall adult human), any other scale can be set as 'scale times 10' as percentage. Designed for minimum 6MM (%60) scale. Compatible with common FDM and SLA printers. All parts are supportless.","imageAlt":"Enhanced Chimney Pack 3D print model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/miniatures/architectural/enhanced-chimney-pack","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/YkXMuwrRY3ZxGtrgdnauw39c/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/cover.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/YkXMuwrRY3ZxGtrgdnauw39c/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/cover.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/miniatures/architectural/enhanced-chimney-pack","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":true,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"miniatures","subcategorySlug":"architectural","categoryTitle":"Miniatures","subcategoryTitle":"Architecture","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2744537/be7a490417/enhanced-chimney-pack-3d-model-be7a490417.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6765995","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6765995,"title":"Steampunk Industrial House 3D Model","price":4.99,"description":"## Asset Breakdown\n\nHere is a simple explanation of what makes this model special and how it is designed:\n\n1. The Overall Concept This asset is a detailed \"Steampunk\" House or power station. It combines the architecture of a classic red brick Victorian house with heavy industrial machinery, creating a building that looks like it powers a fantasy city.\n\n2. Massive Copper Boilers Attached to the exterior walls are huge, vertical copper tanks. These boilers serve as the visual \"heart\" of the structure, suggesting the building generates massive amounts of steam power.\n\n3. Complex Pipe Network A web of golden brass pipes runs along the brick facade, connecting the boilers to the inside of the house. This intricate plumbing adds a layer of mechanical complexity, making the building look functional and busy.\n\n4. Active Smoking Chimneys The roof features several tall brick chimneys billowing thick white smoke. This dynamic detail brings the asset to life, signaling to players that the factory is currently operating and active.\n\n5. Rooftop Observation Dome Perched on the very top is a large copper dome with glass windows. This architectural feature resembles a lighthouse or a control room, giving the building a unique silhouette against the skyline.\n\n## Technical Notes\n\nFiles Included: FBX, GLB, OBJ, STL, ZIP (Textures). Quick Tip: The Smoke effect shown in the image is likely a particle system. To recreate this in your game, place a simple \"smoke emitter\" at the top of each chimney stack to make the factory look alive.","imageAlt":"Steampunk Industrial House 3D Model low-poly","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/steampunk-industrial-house-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gcoa0z4rupidbznihktleeoe6nat/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/unnamed_upscayl_2x_upscayl-standard-4x.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gcoa0z4rupidbznihktleeoe6nat/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/unnamed_upscayl_2x_upscayl-standard-4x.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/steampunk-industrial-house-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6765995/0661b9bc16/steampunk-industrial-house-3d-model-3d-model-0661b9bc16.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7223331","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223331,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a49e8561-8f10-4316-9b76-bfa7ce696e2d","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/azfemfx1gxxdctxl0wtk2egaerxj/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/azfemfx1gxxdctxl0wtk2egaerxj/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a49e8561-8f10-4316-9b76-bfa7ce696e2d","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223331/9b558c343d/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-9b558c343d.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7222958","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222958,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-118f19d7-f21e-4d47-98c0-ac3a9bed33ab","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/2a4czcpmyh687i8oiw1npclufz85/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/2a4czcpmyh687i8oiw1npclufz85/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-118f19d7-f21e-4d47-98c0-ac3a9bed33ab","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222958/e16456f0fd/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-e16456f0fd.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7164118","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7164118,"title":"Charcoal Kettle Grill with Starter Tool","price":39.0,"description":"Charcoal Kettle Grill with Starter Tool is a 3d model of a classic outdoor cooking appliance used for grilling and barbecuing, featuring a round design and a chimney starter accessory.\n\nThis model showcases a traditional charcoal grill with a kettle shape, complete with a sturdy metal frame and wheels for easy mobility. 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Model is built to real-world scale \n\n-Texture Set:\nDiffuse, AO, Base Color, Glossiness, Heigh, Metalic, Normal, Roughness, Reflection, Specular\nFor both 3d Game engine : Unity and Unreal.\n\n- Previews rendered in Substance Painter IRay (PBR Material)\n- Textures Tested in Mormoset Toolbag\n\nBest for VR or Games Environment\nAll elements (models, textures, maps etc) have a logical names.\n\nThe original format is 3ds Max. 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realtime and game use, Unity, UE4, CGI exterior visualization and architecture\n- 161.220  polygons\n- 100.832  vertices\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGEOMETRY\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- The models mesh is high quality, with clean edge flow. \n- Geometry is carefully tested for holes, flipped normals and overlapping polygons.\n- The mesh is low-poly, allows you to easily build up the additional details, edit geometry.\n- All similar objects are Instances - easy change or replace\n- Shell Modifier applied and disabled for glass objects. \n- Scene objects are organized by layers\n  \nPRESENTATION IMAGES\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- All preview images are rendered with 3.20 V-Ray. \n- VRayLightMtl dome sky and VRayCamera are included - a product is ready to render out-of-the-box.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMATERIALS\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- This model contains both V-Ray and Standard materials.\n- JPG and PNG textures come in the separate archive.","imageAlt":"3D model Luxury Mansion House","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/mansion-house-8825b8b4-1d9a-4c78-b46f-4cd3d6bc1373","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/98hXsc16QHteLejBM8r1cgdy/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/luxury-mansion-house-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-mtl-3ds-fbx.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/98hXsc16QHteLejBM8r1cgdy/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/luxury-mansion-house-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-mtl-3ds-fbx.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/mansion-house-8825b8b4-1d9a-4c78-b46f-4cd3d6bc1373","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/627716/e76e1de33c/luxury-mansion-house-3d-model-e76e1de33c.webp","saleOffDiscount":70,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"306265","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":306265,"title":"Marble Fireplace","price":9.99,"description":"Detailed Description Info:\n\nModel: Fireplace\n\u003cbr\u003e\nMedia Type: 3D Model \n\u003cbr\u003e\nGeometry: Quads/Tris \n\u003cbr\u003e\nPolygon Count: 5687\n\u003cbr\u003e\nVertice Count: 6254\n\u003cbr\u003e\nTextures: Yes \n\u003cbr\u003e\nMaterials: Yes \n\u003cbr\u003e\nRigged: No \n\u003cbr\u003e\nAnimated: No \n\u003cbr\u003e\nUV Mapped: Yes \n\u003cbr\u003e\nUnwrapped UV's: Yes Non-Overlapping\n\n|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\nImages rendered with the supplied Blender Cycles project file\n\u003cbr\u003e\nProject Includes metalness, roughness, diffuse, normal and AO maps to setup your own PBR renders as required\n\u003cbr\u003e\nEasy to setup for rendering with mental ray, vray or UE4 using the supplied FBX file\n\n|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\nFeatures: \n- High quality polygonal model - correctly scaled accurate representation of the original objects. \n- Model resolutions are optimized for polygon efficiency. \n- All colors can be easily modified. \n- Model is fully textured with all materials applied. \n- All textures and materials are included and mapped in every format. \n- Autodesk Maya models grouped for easy selection \u0026 objects are logically named for ease of scene management. \n- No namespace issues when importing several models into a scene. \n- No cleaning up necessary, just drop model into your scene and start rendering. \n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n\n|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\nFile formats: \n- Autodesk Maya Mb Scene \n- FBX (Multi Format) \n- Keyshot 4.2\n\nEvery model has been checked with the required software.\n\n|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\nTextures formats:\n\nTIFF\n\n|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\nWarning: Depending on which software package you are using, the exchange formats (.obj, .3ds and .fbx) may not match the preview images exactly. Due to the nature of these formats there may be some textures that have to be loaded by hand and possibly triangulated geometry.\n\n|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||\n\nFor other models be sure to check out our entire catalog on CG Trader!","imageAlt":"Marble Fireplace 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/fixture/marbl-93365053-ccba-4268-968c-bfc58b5eda20","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/h9vcdk6JZZYM3Ru4L3BLYWUv/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/4.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/h9vcdk6JZZYM3Ru4L3BLYWUv/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/4.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/fixture/marbl-93365053-ccba-4268-968c-bfc58b5eda20","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"fixture","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Fixture","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/306265/263a1a0fdf/marble-fireplace-3d-model-263a1a0fdf.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6130144","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6130144,"title":"Decorative light red marble mantelpiece 3D Model","price":24.0,"description":"A 3d model of a decorative mantelpiece. Made with light red colored marble stone.\nElegant lines with central floral sculpture. \n\nModelled with subdiv workflow. All Quads.\n\nPBR textures baked to material:\n\n- basecolor\n- metal\n- roughness\n- normal map\n\nAll pieces on the mantel are separate and can be removed.\n\nA mantelpiece to complete all interior renders. Beautiful design. \nCan be used in both modern living room designs and authentic rooms.\nGive character to your 3D renders with this marvelous mantelpiece.","imageAlt":"PBR Decorative light red marble mantelpiece 3D Model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/decorative-light-red-marble-mantelpiece-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z87fgq1uikn7mmi8p1y54wohx9dm/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Mantelpiece_light_THMB_CGT.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z87fgq1uikn7mmi8p1y54wohx9dm/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Mantelpiece_light_THMB_CGT.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/living-room/decorative-light-red-marble-mantelpiece-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"living-room","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"Living Room","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6130144/ee06402e57/decorative-light-red-marble-mantelpiece-3d-model-3d-model-ee06402e57.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5936242","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5936242,"title":"Roof Vent 11","price":2.0,"description":"\nA highly detailed 3D model of Roof Vent .very high detail and realistic . tre texture resulattion 1K 2K 4k set is provided . 3ds max and maya files have applied with V-Ray materials . blender have applied with PBR materials .\n\n\nFile Formats: -Maya 2019 V-ray -3ds Max 2019 V-ray -Blender 3 -FbX -OBJ\nProvided Maps : BaseColor ,Height ,Metalness ,Normal ,Roughness ,OpacityTextures is presented in a .zip file.\n\nThis model is not printable.\n\n\nIf you need other models, feel free to message me!\n\nTry Before You Buy – Download Our Free Sample!\n\n\n\nNOTE: \nDo not under any circumstances share these files for free or commercially!\n\n\n","imageAlt":"Roof Vent 11 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/roof-vent-11","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c7gtq3xfh104st0qqfzjngvcxt9e/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/CG%20010.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c7gtq3xfh104st0qqfzjngvcxt9e/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/CG%20010.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/roof-vent-11","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":219,"name":".exr","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5936242/49d42ae7b8/roof-vent-11-3d-model-49d42ae7b8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"6993852","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6993852,"title":"Rustic Chimney Scene","price":4.0,"description":"Rustic Chimney Scene\n\nEnglish\nThis 3D model package includes multiple file formats for maximum compatibility and flexible workflow integration. Included formats: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB, and BLEND. Suitable for use in game development, animation, AR/VR projects, product visualization, rendering, 3D printing, architecture, and digital content creation. Compatible with popular software such as Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max, and many other platforms. A practical solution for creators, designers, developers, and studios looking for ready-to-use assets.\n\nTürkçe\nBu 3D model paketi, maksimum uyumluluk ve esnek çalışma süreci için birden fazla dosya formatı içerir. Dahil olan formatlar: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB ve BLEND. Oyun geliştirme, animasyon, AR/VR projeleri, ürün görselleştirme, render, 3D baskı, mimari ve dijital içerik üretimi için uygundur. Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max ve birçok popüler yazılımla uyumludur. Hazır kullanıma uygun varlık arayan tasarımcılar, geliştiriciler ve stüdyolar için pratik bir çözümdür.\n\nDeutsch\nDieses 3D-Modellpaket enthält mehrere Dateiformate für maximale Kompatibilität und flexible Arbeitsabläufe. Enthaltene Formate: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB und BLEND. Geeignet für Spieleentwicklung, Animation, AR/VR-Projekte, Produktvisualisierung, Rendering, 3D-Druck, Architektur und digitale Inhalte. Kompatibel mit Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max und vielen weiteren Plattformen.\n\nFrançais\nCe pack de modèle 3D comprend plusieurs formats de fichiers pour une compatibilité maximale et une grande flexibilité. Formats inclus : FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB et BLEND. Idéal pour le développement de jeux, l’animation, les projets AR/VR, la visualisation produit, le rendu, l’impression 3D, l’architecture et la création de contenu numérique. Compatible avec Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max et bien d'autres logiciels.\n\nEspañol\nEste paquete de modelo 3D incluye múltiples formatos para máxima compatibilidad y flexibilidad de trabajo. Formatos incluidos: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB y BLEND. Ideal para desarrollo de videojuegos, animación, proyectos AR/VR, visualización de productos, renderizado, impresión 3D, arquitectura y creación de contenido digital. Compatible con Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max y muchas otras plataformas.\n\nItaliano\nQuesto pacchetto di modello 3D include diversi formati per la massima compatibilità e flessibilità. Formati inclusi: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB e BLEND. Ideale per sviluppo giochi, animazione, progetti AR/VR, visualizzazione prodotti, rendering, stampa 3D, architettura e creazione di contenuti digitali. Compatibile con Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max e molte altre piattaforme.\n\nPortuguês\nEste pacote de modelo 3D inclui vários formatos para máxima compatibilidade e flexibilidade. Formatos incluídos: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB e BLEND. Ideal para jogos, animação, projetos AR/VR, visualização de produtos, renderização, impressão 3D, arquitetura e criação de conteúdo digital. Compatível com Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max e muitas outras plataformas.\n\nРусский\nЭтот пакет 3D-модели включает несколько форматов файлов для максимальной совместимости и гибкости работы. Включенные форматы: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB и BLEND. Подходит для разработки игр, анимации, AR/VR проектов, визуализации продуктов, рендеринга, 3D-печати, архитектуры и создания цифрового контента. Совместим с Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max и многими другими платформами.\n\nالعربية\nتتضمن حزمة النموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد هذه عدة صيغ ملفات لضمان أقصى توافق ومرونة في العمل. الصيغ المتوفرة: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB, BLEND. مناسبة لتطوير الألعاب، الرسوم المتحركة، مشاريع الواقع المعزز والافتراضي، عرض المنتجات، الرندر، الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد، الهندسة المعمارية، وصناعة المحتوى الرقمي. متوافقة مع Blender وUnity وUnreal Engine وMaya وCinema 4D و3ds Max والعديد من البرامج الأخرى.\n\n中文\n此3D模型包包含多种文件格式，以确保最大兼容性和灵活工作流程。包含格式：FBX、OBJ、USDZ、STL、GLB、BLEND。适用于游戏开发、动画、AR/VR项目、产品展示、渲染、3D打印、建筑设计和数字内容创作。兼容 Blender、Unity、Unreal Engine、Maya、Cinema 4D、3ds Max 等多种软件平台。","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/rustic-chimney-scene","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ioijguqpv7igyj3c53voj4orhnw8/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Rustic-Chimney-Scene_01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ioijguqpv7igyj3c53voj4orhnw8/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Rustic-Chimney-Scene_01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/rustic-chimney-scene","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6993852/79a431cb2d/rustic-chimney-scene-3d-model-79a431cb2d.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5133450","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5133450,"title":"Model Railway Industrial Brick Chimney FDM and Resin","price":8.9,"description":"Someone asked me to do this sort of design for them but they wanted sole rights to the design but I decided against it as my objective is to make designs available to fellow modelers.\n\nIndustrial Chimneys are found all over the world for all sorts of industries from the 17th Century to the modern day, this is a Chimney design that was made out of brick and many examples of these can still be found today.\n\nIndustrial Chimneys can be very tall and this design in real life would be 24m tall (about 78ft).\n\nThis design has been designed at OO scale (1/76 scale), even on the OO scale it is over 300mm in height so I have designed it in four sections. Base, Lower Stack, Upper Stack, and Crown. These sections have printed fine on my AnyCubic Photon M3. For Those who model N or other smaller scales, I will include the chimney as one complete item that can be scaled down. If you don't want the chimney to be so tall you can print it without the base and it will still look fine. The main stack is tapered which made the drawing of bricks fun and took a fair length of time to draw, this is reflected in the price of this item slightly.\nAs the stack is in two sections the top section has some steel rings to help hide the join and per some real-life chimneys. I will include a top stack without steel rings in case you prefer this design. I will also include a complete chimney without the rings.\n\nThis chimney would look amazing on a model railway or similar with a smoke machine feeding into the bottom of the chimney.\n\nFor HO Gauge print at 87%, 1/87 Scale,\nFor O Gauge UK print at 175%, 1/43.5 scale (You will need a large printer),\nFor O Gauge International print at 158%, 1/48 scale (You will need a large printer),\nFor N Gauge UK print at 51.5%, 1/148 Scale, (I have printed this in N scale and it prints fine).\n\nExamples in the photos were printed on a AnyCubic Photon M3 Resin Printer and a Bambu Labs A1 FDM Printer.\n\nThis item can be easily printed on a resin or FDM (Filament) printer.\n\nAs normal with my designs, there is a balance between accuracy and printability, hopefully not affecting the design of the model too much.\nFiles starting with _ have supports added.\n\nI use AnyCubic Water Washable Resin for most of my items but use AnyCubic ABS Like Resin for anything that needs to be stronger and tougher.\n\nuse this link to join CGTrader and download my designs.\n\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/designers/PJD1974?referral_id=3218445","imageAlt":"Model Railway Industrial Brick Chimney FDM and Resin","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/hobby-diy/hobby-accessories/model-railway-industrial-brick-chimney","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vltmu9zlwr3c1ko3wx3v16a3ez1l/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/model-railway-industrial-brick-chimney-fdm-and-resin-3d-model-caffc02532.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vltmu9zlwr3c1ko3wx3v16a3ez1l/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/model-railway-industrial-brick-chimney-fdm-and-resin-3d-model-caffc02532.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-print-models/hobby-diy/hobby-accessories/model-railway-industrial-brick-chimney","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":true,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"hobby-diy","subcategorySlug":"hobby-accessories","categoryTitle":"Hobby \u0026 DIY","subcategoryTitle":"Hobby Accessories","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5133450/caffc02532/model-railway-industrial-brick-chimney-fdm-and-resin-3d-model-caffc02532.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7107606","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7107606,"title":"American Low Poly house 1 and Free Oak Tree - Game Ready","price":5.99,"description":"\n\n##  American Low Poly House 1 – Game Ready 3D Model\n\n**American Low Poly House 1** is a clean, optimized, and visually appealing 3D asset designed for real-time applications. This model features a detailed brick exterior, roof structure/roof water gutter, chimney, windows, and porch elements, making it perfect for building realistic environments while maintaining excellent performance.\n\nWith its **low polygon count and efficient topology**, this asset is ideal for **games, simulations, VR/AR experiences, and real-time rendering projects**. The model is designed to be easy to integrate into any environment such as neighborhoods, towns, open-world maps, or architectural scenes.\n\n---\n\n##  Model Statistics\n\n* **Vertices:** 1,744\n* **Edges:** 2,777\n* **Faces:** 1,153\n* **Triangles:** 2,290\n\nOptimized geometry ensures smooth performance in **real-time engines like Unity or Unreal Engine**, including mobile platforms.\n\n---\n\n##  Textures\n\nHigh-quality **PBR textures** created using **Adobe Substance Painter**.\n\nIncluded texture maps:\n\n* Base Color (Albedo)\n* Roughness\n* Metallic\n* Normal\n\nThese textures provide **realistic surface detail while remaining lightweight and efficient** for game development.\n\n---\n\n##  Software Used\n\n* **Blender 5.0.0** – Modeling\n* **Adobe Substance Painter** – Texture creation\n\n---\n\n##  Perfect For\n\n* Game environments\n* Unity / Unreal Engine projects\n* Mobile games\n* VR / AR applications\n* Simulation environments\n* Architectural scenes\n\n---\n\n##  Features\n\n * Optimized **low poly design**\n* **Game-ready topology**\n* **PBR textured materials**\n* Clean and organized mesh\n* Easy to integrate into real-time projects\n\n","imageAlt":"American Low Poly house 1 and Free Oak Tree - 3D model 1","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/american-low-poly-house-1-and-free-oak-tree-game-ready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dmc5up52rc65of5ic2rtf8628x34/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dmc5up52rc65of5ic2rtf8628x34/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/american-low-poly-house-1-and-free-oak-tree-game-ready","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7107606/b61f381384/american-low-poly-house-1-and-free-oak-tree-game-ready-3d-model-b61f381384.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"2104769","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2104769,"title":"Cast Iron Wood Stove  - Fireplace Oven","price":5.9,"description":"**Cast Iron Wood Stove**\n\u003cbr\u003e\nSimple model of a cast iron stove with fire and wood pieces.\nFile is for Cinema4D and Cinema4D+VRay but can be used in other 3D software as well. Exchange files for other software and textures are included.","imageAlt":"Cast Iron Wood Stove - Fireplace Oven 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/cast-iron-stove-fireplace","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tXERFujuMUpuSFnVrGsf7oUS/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Stove_a.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tXERFujuMUpuSFnVrGsf7oUS/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Stove_a.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/furniture/other/cast-iron-stove-fireplace","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"furniture","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Furniture","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2104769/ca6a296054/cast-iron-wood-stove-fireplace-oven-3d-model-ca6a296054.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"7045741","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7045741,"title":"clash of clans style quaint storybookstyle house with a steep pitched roof textured stone chimney timber accents and walls adorned with autumnal vines and barre","price":4.0,"description":"clash of clans style quaint storybookstyle house with a steep pitched roof textured stone chimney timber accents and walls adorned with autumnal vines and barre\n\nEnglish\nThis 3D model package includes multiple file formats for maximum compatibility and flexible workflow integration. Included formats: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB, and BLEND. Suitable for use in game development, animation, AR/VR projects, product visualization, rendering, 3D printing, architecture, and digital content creation. Compatible with popular software such as Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max, and many other platforms. A practical solution for creators, designers, developers, and studios looking for ready-to-use assets.\n\nTürkçe\nBu 3D model paketi, maksimum uyumluluk ve esnek çalışma süreci için birden fazla dosya formatı içerir. Dahil olan formatlar: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB ve BLEND. Oyun geliştirme, animasyon, AR/VR projeleri, ürün görselleştirme, render, 3D baskı, mimari ve dijital içerik üretimi için uygundur. Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max ve birçok popüler yazılımla uyumludur. Hazır kullanıma uygun varlık arayan tasarımcılar, geliştiriciler ve stüdyolar için pratik bir çözümdür.\n\nDeutsch\nDieses 3D-Modellpaket enthält mehrere Dateiformate für maximale Kompatibilität und flexible Arbeitsabläufe. Enthaltene Formate: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB und BLEND. Geeignet für Spieleentwicklung, Animation, AR/VR-Projekte, Produktvisualisierung, Rendering, 3D-Druck, Architektur und digitale Inhalte. Kompatibel mit Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max und vielen weiteren Plattformen.\n\nFrançais\nCe pack de modèle 3D comprend plusieurs formats de fichiers pour une compatibilité maximale et une grande flexibilité. Formats inclus : FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB et BLEND. Idéal pour le développement de jeux, l’animation, les projets AR/VR, la visualisation produit, le rendu, l’impression 3D, l’architecture et la création de contenu numérique. Compatible avec Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max et bien d'autres logiciels.\n\nEspañol\nEste paquete de modelo 3D incluye múltiples formatos para máxima compatibilidad y flexibilidad de trabajo. Formatos incluidos: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB y BLEND. Ideal para desarrollo de videojuegos, animación, proyectos AR/VR, visualización de productos, renderizado, impresión 3D, arquitectura y creación de contenido digital. Compatible con Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max y muchas otras plataformas.\n\nItaliano\nQuesto pacchetto di modello 3D include diversi formati per la massima compatibilità e flessibilità. Formati inclusi: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB e BLEND. Ideale per sviluppo giochi, animazione, progetti AR/VR, visualizzazione prodotti, rendering, stampa 3D, architettura e creazione di contenuti digitali. Compatibile con Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max e molte altre piattaforme.\n\nPortuguês\nEste pacote de modelo 3D inclui vários formatos para máxima compatibilidade e flessibilità. Formatos incluídos: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB, BLEND. Ideal para jogos, animação, projetos AR/VR, visualização de produtos, renderização, impressão 3D, arquitetura e criação de conteúdo digital. Compatível com Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max e muitas outras plataformas.\n\nРусский\nЭтот пакет 3D-модели включает несколько форматов файлов для максимальной совместимости и гибкости работы. Включенные форматы: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB и BLEND. Подходит для разработки игр, анимации, AR/VR проектов, визуализации продуктов, рендеринга, 3D-печати, архитектуры и создания цифрового контента. Совместим с Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max и многими другими платформами.\n\nالعربية\nتتضمن حزمة النموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد هذه عدة صيغ ملفات لضمان أقصى توافق ومرونة في العمل. الصيغ المتوفرة: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB, BLEND. مناسبة لتطوير الألعاب، الرسوم المتحركة، مشاريع الواقع المعزز والافتراضي، عرض المنتجات، الرندر، الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد، الهندسة المعمارية، وصناعة المحتوى الرقمي. متوافقة مع Blender وUnity وUnreal Engine وMaya وCinema 4D و3ds Max والعديد من البرامج الأخرى.\n\n中文\n此3D模型包包含多种文件格式，以确保最大兼容性和灵活工作流程。包含格式：FBX、OBJ、USDZ、STL、GLB、BLEND。适用于游戏开发、动画、AR/VR项目、产品展示、渲染、3D打印、建筑设计和数字内容创作。兼容 Blender、Unity、Unreal Engine、Maya、Cinema 4D、3ds Max 等多种软件平台。","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/clash-of-clans-style-quaint-storybookstyle-house-with-a-steep-pitched-roof-textured-stone-chimney-timber-accents-and-walls-adorned-with-autumnal-vines-and-barre-a78079e5-286a-46f9-a342-fd40991a8dbb","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5vjknjclcp1xhl58wdh7mdl5u1yh/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/clash-of-clans-style-quaint-storybookstyle-house-with-a-steep-pitched-roof-textured-stone-chimney-timber-accents-and-walls-adorned-with-autumnal-vines-and-barre_08.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5vjknjclcp1xhl58wdh7mdl5u1yh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/clash-of-clans-style-quaint-storybookstyle-house-with-a-steep-pitched-roof-textured-stone-chimney-timber-accents-and-walls-adorned-with-autumnal-vines-and-barre_08.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/clash-of-clans-style-quaint-storybookstyle-house-with-a-steep-pitched-roof-textured-stone-chimney-timber-accents-and-walls-adorned-with-autumnal-vines-and-barre-a78079e5-286a-46f9-a342-fd40991a8dbb","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":false}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7045741/4b980dbdaf/clash-of-clans-style-quaint-storybookstyle-house-with-a-steep-pitched-roof-textured-stone-chimney-timber-accents-and-walls-adorned-with-autumnal-vines-and-barre-3d-model-4b980dbdaf.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false}},{"id":"5052789","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5052789,"title":"Fireplace Tool Set ","price":4.99,"description":"Fireplace Tool Set 3D Model. This model contains the Fireplace Tool Set itself \n \nAll modeled in Maya, textured with Substance Painter.\n\nThe model was built to scale and is UV unwrapped properly. Contains a 4K texture set \n\n\n \n⦁\t10044 tris. \n\n⦁\tContains: .FBX .OBJ and .DAE\n\n⦁\tModel has clean topology. 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Compatible avec Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max et bien d'autres logiciels.\n\nEspañol\nEste paquete de modelo 3D incluye múltiples formatos para máxima compatibilidad y flexibilidad de trabajo. Formatos incluidos: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB y BLEND. Ideal para desarrollo de videojuegos, animación, proyectos AR/VR, visualización de productos, renderizado, impresión 3D, arquitectura y creación de contenido digital. Compatible con Blender, Unity, Unreal Engine, Maya, Cinema 4D, 3ds Max y muchas otras plataformas.\n\nItaliano\nQuesto pacchetto di modello 3D include diversi formati per la massima compatibilità e flessibilità. Formati inclusi: FBX, OBJ, USDZ, STL, GLB e BLEND. Ideale per sviluppo giochi, animazione, progetti AR/VR, visualizzazione prodotti, rendering, stampa 3D, architettura e creazione di contenuti digitali. 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