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This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to render. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light.**_\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n_For animation_\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City R5\n- Version: 2019\n- Units: Meters\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: MB 2019, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects are organized in layers.\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- The names of the objects coincide with the names of their materials\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to render, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light.  Dome light inside + HDRI map.\n- All materials are Vray materials\n- Textures usually more than 4k, allow to render average plans and sometimes close up plans.\n\n_The model works completely correctly only in the Maya 2019 program._\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n23 490 846 POLYGONS\n\n17 523 829 VERTS\n\n\n**Previews**\n\n_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._\n\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were color corrected to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"Realistic City R5 MAYA 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-r5-maya","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/3KN696zrV9tQf1YhvLiPY1Mh/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/preview_R5.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/3KN696zrV9tQf1YhvLiPY1Mh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/preview_R5.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-r5-maya","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2733704/09b70d0112/realistic-city-r5-maya-3d-model-09b70d0112.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"832312","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":832312,"title":"Belfort City","price":349.0,"description":"Belfort City\n\nHighly detailed modular city containing detailed buildings, road tiles, street furniture, textures and more.\n\nSet consists of 4 100m x100m road tiles (Block 1, Block 2, Block 3 and Block 4) These modular city blocks can be used to add spot high-detail to real-time environments.\n\nNative format is 3ds Max 8. \nNo 3rd party software is required.\n\nPlease note, textures are included in the 3ds Max rar. Download the file to also acquire textures for other formats.\n\nSet includes:\n\n4 different 100x100m (328x328 feet) road tiles or city blocks \nOveral square shaped size of the city is therefore 200x200 meters or 646x646 feet.\n\n30 detailed buildings \nStreet lights \nTraffic lights \nMail boxes \nTrash cans \nTrees \nPhone booths \nAir conditioning units \nKiosks/Newsstands \nBus Stops \nSubway entrances \nStreet Signs \nSeating \nSatellite dishes \nTennis court \nSuperb multi-purpose textures\n\nModeled by: Kristijan Ilic \nKasiopy Studios","imageAlt":"Belfort City 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/belfort-city-084a83ff-0660-4c3b-8d6e-6c783ccc490c","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/TeFBcJqqpCPU5RyjLrbAVfxZ/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/belfort-city-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx-c4d-lwo-lw-lws.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/TeFBcJqqpCPU5RyjLrbAVfxZ/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/belfort-city-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx-c4d-lwo-lw-lws.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/belfort-city-084a83ff-0660-4c3b-8d6e-6c783ccc490c","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":8,"name":".lwo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/832312/6a7fe25230/belfort-city-3d-model-6a7fe25230.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2677410","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2677410,"title":"Realistic City R2 MAYA","price":419.3,"description":"_**This is full 3d city model modeled based on americans cities. This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to render. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light._\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n_For animation_\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City R2\n- Version: 2019\n- Units: Meters\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: MB 2019, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects are organized in layers.\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- The names of the objects coincide with the names of their materials\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to render, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light.  Dome light inside + HDRI map.\n- All materials are Vray materials\n- Textures usually more than 4k, allow to render average plans and sometimes close up plans.\n\n_The model works completely correctly only in the Maya 2019 program._\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n19 333 962 POLYGONS\n\n15 166 172 VERTS\n\n\n**Previews**\n\n_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were color corrected to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"3D model Realistic City R2 MAYA","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/maya-city-r2","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/HPDYX4fNhZAeAZGfVkicvEQ7/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/HPDYX4fNhZAeAZGfVkicvEQ7/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/maya-city-r2","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":120,"name":".mel","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2677410/b0b12b7b3b/realistic-city-r2-maya-3d-model-b0b12b7b3b.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"3309132","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3309132,"title":"Dome District 2","price":35.0,"description":"Futuristic city structure.\n\n    =================\n    Files within zip: \n    =================\n   \t \n        DomeDistrict2.fbx\n\n        DomeDistrict2.ma\n\n        DomeDistrict2.obj\n        \n        BuildingsD.tga    2400 x 2400\n        BuildingsI.tga    2400 x 2400\n        BuildingsN.tga    2400 x 2400\n        BuildingsS.tga    2400 x 2400\n        FrameD.tga        3000 x 3000\n        FrameI.tga        3000 x 3000\n        FrameN.tga        3000 x 3000\n        FrameS.tga        3000 x 3000\n        NeonD.tga         2000 x 2000\n        NeonI.tga         2000 x 2000\n        NeonO.tga         2000 x 2000\n        PanD.tga          2000 x 2000\n\tPanN.tga          2000 x 2000\n        PanS.tga          2000 x 2000\n        Rim2D.tga         2400 x 2400\n        Rim2I.tga         2400 x 2400\n        Rim2N.tga         2400 x 2400\n        Rim2S.tga         2400 x 2400\n        Runway2D.tga      2200 x 2200\n        Runway2I.tga      2200 x 2200\n        Runway2N.tga      2200 x 2200\n        Runway2S.tga      2200 x 2200\n        TreesD.tga         800 x 800\n        TreesI.tga         800 x 800\n        TreesO.tga         800 x 800","imageAlt":"3D asset Dome District 2","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/dome-district-2","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/XG7c2Z4QQF7eP7mcKHuavpmK/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/4.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/XG7c2Z4QQF7eP7mcKHuavpmK/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/4.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/dome-district-2","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"sci-fi-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Sci-fi","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3309132/6bf50ea8ba/dome-district-2-3d-model-6bf50ea8ba.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"4129324","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4129324,"title":"SciFi Facility A02 White Gray - 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This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to render. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light._**\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n_For animation_\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City C1\n- Version: 2019\n- Units: Meters\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: MB 2019, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects are organized in layers.\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- The names of the objects coincide with the names of their materials\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to render, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light.  Dome light inside + HDRI map.\n- All materials are Vray materials\n- Textures usually more than 4k, allow to render average plans and sometimes close up plans.\n\n_The model works completely correctly only in the Maya 2019 program._\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n15 274 563 POLYGONS\n\n12 386 706 VERTS\n\n\n**Previews**\n\n_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were color corrected to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"3D asset Realistic City C1 MAYA","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-c1-maya","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5dvjRwAaigXS5iiUsyxLUeHh/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5dvjRwAaigXS5iiUsyxLUeHh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-c1-maya","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":120,"name":".mel","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2677691/d0cf49f052/realistic-city-c1-maya-3d-model-d0cf49f052.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7216698","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216698,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216698/9d549abd3d/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-9d549abd3d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2815046","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2815046,"title":"Realistic City S2 MAYA","price":419.3,"description":"_**This is full 3d city model modeled based on americans cities. This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to render. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light.**_\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n_For animation_\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City S2\n- Version: 2019\n- Units: Meters\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: MB 2019, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects are organized in layers.\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- The names of the objects coincide with the names of their materials\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to render, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light.  Dome light inside + HDRI map.\n- All materials are Vray materials\n- Textures usually more than 4k, allow to render average plans and sometimes close up plans.\n\n_The model works completely correctly only in the Maya 2019 program._\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n29,156,883 POLYGONS\n\n23,156,883 VERTS\n\n\n**Previews**\n\n_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._\n\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were color corrected to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"Realistic City S2 MAYA 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-s2-maya","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ymczPsVNS4XZekgy49brdvBC/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/S2_preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ymczPsVNS4XZekgy49brdvBC/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/S2_preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-s2-maya","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":120,"name":".mel","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2815046/633ffb6438/realistic-city-s2-maya-3d-model-633ffb6438.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7222809","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222809,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222809/6c7055536c/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-6c7055536c.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"4132099","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4132099,"title":"SciFi Facility A10 Abandoned - Sci Fi Exterior Design","price":12.0,"description":"SciFi Facility A - Sci Fi Exterior Design\nNo interior designed, only building exterior - can be used as scene composition, scenery, etc\n\n- Low Poly: 6523 faces / 7425 vertices\n\nMaps Included:\n-Roughness Map\n-Normal Map\n-Texture Map\n-Height Map\n-Metallic Map\n-AO Map\n-Emissive Map \n\n--All maps has two size options: 2048x2048 and 4096x4096.\n--OBJ and FBX - Low Poly Version.\n--No nGons\n\nPS.: Any difficult or problem with the model, feel free to contact me :)\n\nMore character fashion accessories - feel free to check my profile.\nAlso, more models coming in future.\n\nThis model license is free use, it can be used in for many end, like character design, game, animations or any other.\n","imageAlt":"SciFi Facility A10 Abandoned - Sci Fi Exterior 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/scifi-facility-a10-abandoned-sci-fi-exterior-design","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/d6GjL9K9M5p4yxdHLafhftyK/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/r10%200.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/d6GjL9K9M5p4yxdHLafhftyK/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/r10%200.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/scifi-facility-a10-abandoned-sci-fi-exterior-design","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"sci-fi-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Sci-fi","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4132099/5e4c8effca/scifi-facility-a10-abandoned-sci-fi-exterior-design-3d-model-5e4c8effca.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7216344","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216344,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model ","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216344/eb4d252f63/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-eb4d252f63.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7216525","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216525,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3aabd011-02cf-41ae-9e3e-ed2127666ba5","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c57al8dt94rjl1axdl7gnris0pvq/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/c57al8dt94rjl1axdl7gnris0pvq/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3aabd011-02cf-41ae-9e3e-ed2127666ba5","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216525/222d92766b/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-222d92766b.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7310202","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7310202,"title":"INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS with INTERIORS 4K","price":99.0,"description":"**INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS with INTERIORS 4K**\n\n**INCLUDES 20 BUILDINGS**\n\nFull set model named correctly and organized as individual fbx, obj, blend, unreal engine 5 files for saving your work time\n\nCan be used for games, cinematics , high-poly, mid-poly rendering and advertising\n\nAll models have real-world scale and ready to use\n\n**Formats:**\n\n**FBX - OBJ - Blender 5 - UnrealEngine 5 - Textures PBR 4K png**\n\n- Originally created with Blender 5 and Substance Painter\n\nTexel Density is nearly 5.12 px/cm and UVMap space is more than 75%\n\nAll preview images are rendered with Blender Cycles\n\nTexture maps come in archive file png 4096x4096 resolution.\n\n- +20 Bonus Props\n\n- Each House is one solid object for using, moving easily and Only Doors are seperated for animation purposes\n\nIf You want to use Unreal Engine 5 version, first unarchive file then use for correct opening.","imageAlt":"INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS with INTERIORS 4K","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/industrial-buildings-with-interiors-4k","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/123th0euc5e096utwfac8aqncm9t/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Industrial_00.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/123th0euc5e096utwfac8aqncm9t/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Industrial_00.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/industrial-buildings-with-interiors-4k","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7310202/539b755155/industrial-buildings-with-interiors-4k-3d-model-539b755155.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2095093","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2095093,"title":"River City C4","price":699.3,"description":"_**This is full 3d city model modeled based on americans cities. This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to render. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light.**_\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n_For animation_\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City_C4\n- Version: 2014\n- Units: Meters\n- Dimension: 2426.73 x 2476.78 x 1027.46\n- Polys: 15 509 339\n- Model Parts: 10607\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: 3Ds Max 2014, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects are organized in layers.\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- The names of the objects coincide with the names of their materials\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to render, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light.  Dome light inside + HDRI map.\n- All materials are Vray materials\n- All cars, bushes and trees scattered by **Multiscatter** plugin. (If you dont have this plugin you will not have scattered cars, trees and bushes)\n- All scattered models located in separate place in scene, you can see it on the last preview image.\n- Textures usually more than 4k, allow to render average plans and sometimes close up plans.\n\n**_The model works completely correctly only in the 3d max program._**\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n**15** 509 339 POLYGONS\n\n**Previews**\n\n**_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._**\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were **color corrected** to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"River City C4 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/river-city-c4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/CC7w1n1atddBCUubkJpgVo5b/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/CITY_C4_11.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/CC7w1n1atddBCUubkJpgVo5b/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/CITY_C4_11.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/river-city-c4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":185,"name":".mat","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2095093/c070309a14/river-city-c4-3d-model-c070309a14.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7202124","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7202124,"title":"Cartoon Low Poly Stadium","price":13.0,"description":"Cartoon Low Poly Stadium is a three-dimensional model of contemporary sports venue designed in a stylized cartoon-like and simplified low-polygon aesthetic.\n\nThis model represents a modern sports arena with minimalistic geometric forms and bright, stylized visual elements. Designed in low poly style, it offers a lightweight 3D model suitable for fast rendering and easy integration into interactive environments. \n\nFor game development, animation, VR/AR content, children\u0026#39;s media, architectural previews, mobile apps, 3D city planning, sport-related promotional videos, esports broadcast visuals, interactive education platforms, entertainment simulations, creative design showcases, casual games, low-poly city environments, concept art references, and virtual world building.\nCartoon Low Poly Stadium is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 4 png (8192x8192) \n- 4 png (4096x4096) \n\n- Dimensions 23,04 x 31,48 x H7,51m\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Cartoon Low Poly Stadium","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/stadium/cartoon-low-poly-stadium","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/b67l63h5fp2n3x7sewtmas1umeaz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Cartoon_Low_Poly_Stadium_002.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/b67l63h5fp2n3x7sewtmas1umeaz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Cartoon_Low_Poly_Stadium_002.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/stadium/cartoon-low-poly-stadium","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":33,"name":".lxo","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"stadium","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Stadium","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7202124/758c01ae48/cartoon-low-poly-stadium-3d-model-758c01ae48.webp","saleOffDiscount":20,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7223207","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223207,"title":" oil rig 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers'","imageAlt":"oil rig 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/oil-rig-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/a210qw1p3g3sc5okx3o4zdxmoidp/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/a210qw1p3g3sc5okx3o4zdxmoidp/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/oil-rig-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223207/b27a295d85/oil-rig-3d-model-3d-model-b27a295d85.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"4360186","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4360186,"title":"Eastern European Building 005","price":14.99,"description":"**European Building.**\n\n- Design is made on a real life example. \n- Ideal for realistic exterior renders.\n- Can be used in game engines. \n- High details.\n- Original design. \n- Base mesh model. \n- Colored with material data. \n- No texture. \n- Model to correct scale.\n- Building origin country is Poland. \n\nModel created in Blender 3.4. \n\n- Clean and easy scene. \n- All parts separated with materials applied. \n- Scene is very clear and all model components are named.\n- Model has vertex groups and UV maps.\n- Mid poly model. (64,500 polygons).\n- Median point at the centre base of the model. \n- Exported in to multiple file formats. \n\nIf you have any questions please contact me. ","imageAlt":"3D model Eastern European Building 005","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/eastern-european-building-005","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oL4wokW9Bc624EaRwmM5tXSe/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/eeb05_1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oL4wokW9Bc624EaRwmM5tXSe/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/eeb05_1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/eastern-european-building-005","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4360186/15b26b34d0/eastern-european-building-005-3d-model-15b26b34d0.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7213191","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213191,"title":"scrap crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213191/967119b0ee/scrap-crane-3d-model-3d-model-967119b0ee.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7160812","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7160812,"title":"Traditional Rural Chinese Rammed Earth House","price":2.79,"description":"This digital asset depicts a rustic single-story dwelling, constructed with an extremely efficient topology of only 272 polygons and 392 vertices. This ultra-low poly count makes it exceptionally suitable for large-scale environment creation in mobile games, distant background rendering in open-world titles, or architectural visualization where performance is critical. The mesh features a traditional terracotta tiled roof, textured stucco walls, and simple wooden entryways, capturing the essence of rural vernacular architecture. Its minimal geometry allows for massive instancing—populating entire villages or slums—without impacting frame rates, while still providing enough geometric definition to read clearly as a habitable structure from a distance.\n","imageAlt":"Traditional Rural Chinese Rammed Earth House","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/traditional-rural-chinese-rammed-earth-house","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/iylqf23ls9yphvdbnvwbm5tzby71/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/6.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/iylqf23ls9yphvdbnvwbm5tzby71/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/6.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/traditional-rural-chinese-rammed-earth-house","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":189,"name":".ply","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":72,"name":".stp","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7160812/5f776b8bd9/traditional-rural-chinese-rammed-earth-house-3d-model-5f776b8bd9.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7213001","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213001,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. ","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213001/d440acb7aa/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-3d-model-d440acb7aa.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7008266","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7008266,"title":"Medieval Wooden Barn","price":24.99,"description":"This asset showcases a wooden barn designed with a semi-realistic style, blending game-ready optimization with detailed surface work. The structure features weathered wooden planks, worn roof panels, sliding barn doors, and small window cutouts, giving it a believable rural aesthetic.\n\nThe model includes multiple angles and functional elements like openable-style doors and layered roofing, making it suitable for interactive environments. The subtle imperfections in wood and roof textures add depth and storytelling value—perfect for farm scenes, abandoned settings, or countryside maps.\n\nKey Features\n\n\n\n\n\nDetailed rustic barn structure\n\n\n\nWeathered wood textures \u0026 aging details\n\n\n\nSliding doors and multiple entry points\n\n\n\nClean topology, optimized for real-time use\n\n\n\nSuitable for both stylized and semi-realistic environments\n\n\n\nIdeal for games, cinematics, and architectural scenes\n\nFile Formats\n\nBlender, FBX, OBJ, GLB, MAYA, STL and USD.","imageAlt":"Medieval Wooden Barn 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/medieval-wooden-barn-4022a3a7-6252-4d44-b524-00d209782927","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6keakuvbenj6tqo799lvwif4hg6m/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Preview1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6keakuvbenj6tqo799lvwif4hg6m/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Preview1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/medieval-wooden-barn-4022a3a7-6252-4d44-b524-00d209782927","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7008266/ba0adf9dbc/medieval-wooden-barn-3d-model-ba0adf9dbc.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7274871","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7274871,"title":"Low Poly Cartoon Model Eiffel Tower","price":24.0,"description":"Low Poly Cartoon Model Eiffel Tower is a three-dimensional model of cartoon-style representation of the famous landmark in a simplified, low-poly aesthetic.  \n\nThe Eiffel Tower, a global symbol of France, is a 330-meter iron lattice tower in Paris. Designed by Gustave Eiffel, it was completed in 1889 for the World’s Fair. Initially criticized, it became one of the world’s most visited landmarks. The tower has three observation levels and was once the tallest structure globally. Today, it remains a major tourist attraction.\n\nFor game development, architectural landmarks, low-poly aesthetic, architectural visualization, tourism promotion, tours, famous landmarks, educational applications, cityscape design, architectural simulation environments, architectural interactive experiences, artistic renderings, touristic advertising, history of architecture, toy design, and entertainment industries.  \n\nLow Poly Cartoon Model Eiffel Tower is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. (All colors can be easily modified.)\n- All objects are logically named and grouped for ease of objects selection and scene management.\n- No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n- No cleaning up necessary (Model does not include any backgrounds or scenes used in preview images.) - just drop model into your scene.\n- No special plugin needed to open scene.\n- PBR Materials\n\n\nTextures Formats:\n- 5 png (4096x4096)\n\n\n(c) 3d_molier International\n","imageAlt":"Low Poly Cartoon Model Eiffel Tower","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landmark/low-poly-cartoon-model-eiffel-tower","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7wn2e4gnlvvdh18w9jnig1t5wgc0/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Low_Poly_Cartoon_Model_Eiffel_Tower_007.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7wn2e4gnlvvdh18w9jnig1t5wgc0/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Low_Poly_Cartoon_Model_Eiffel_Tower_007.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landmark/low-poly-cartoon-model-eiffel-tower","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"landmark","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Landmark","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7274871/7857b23638/low-poly-cartoon-model-eiffel-tower-3d-model-7857b23638.webp","saleOffDiscount":20,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7216447","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216447,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7216447","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/9.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/9.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216447/89e64c2220/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-89e64c2220.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7212570","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212570,"title":"old space observatory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n\n","imageAlt":"old space observatory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212570/063c512247/old-space-observatory-3d-model-3d-model-063c512247.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"3268456","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3268456,"title":"25 Modular Sci-Fi City Block Set","price":4.0,"description":"25 Modular Sci-fi City Blocks to Build one big City in no time :) \n\nAvaliable Formats are OBJ/FBX/Blend\n\n--No Textures Included!--\n\nOverall Tris: 25602\nBlock_1: 818\nBlock_2: 2148\nBlock_3: 972\nBlock_4: 924\nBlock_5: 964\nBlock_6: 894\nBlock_7: 1206\nBlock_8: 816\nBlock_9: 1944\nBlock_10: 704\nBlock_11: 918\nBlock_12: 966\nBlock_13: 864\nBlock_14: 837\nBlock_15: 938\nBlock_16: 982\nBlock_17: 986\nBlock_18: 990\nBlock_19: 1115\nBlock_20: 1074\nBlock_21: 1150\nBlock_22: 1044\nBlock_23: 810\nBlock_24: 764\nBlock_25: 792","imageAlt":"25 Modular Sci-Fi City Block Set 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/25-modular-sci-fi-city-blocks","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7JhRMri6unUeu1o9xxV4Lp7Q/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Thumbnail.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7JhRMri6unUeu1o9xxV4Lp7Q/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Thumbnail.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/25-modular-sci-fi-city-blocks","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3268456/d95c13ff47/25-modular-sci-fi-city-block-set-3d-model-d95c13ff47.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7223283","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223283,"title":"old silo 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision me","imageAlt":"old silo 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-silo-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9cvp88st716ckgxs69umb29fy94t/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9cvp88st716ckgxs69umb29fy94t/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-silo-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223283/83bcd4d4d8/old-silo-3d-model-3d-model-83bcd4d4d8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2172335","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2172335,"title":"Arab Building Interior And Exterior","price":9.0,"description":"Its a low poly model.\nTexture\n3k\nPoly Count\nFaces - 4250\nVerts - 5250\n\nmodelling and rendering done in blender\nReal world scale","imageAlt":"Arab Building Interior And Exterior 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/building-interior-and-exterior","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/KXrDLbsR8R1rgEeeDRvQtbhQ/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/KXrDLbsR8R1rgEeeDRvQtbhQ/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/building-interior-and-exterior","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2172335/65c5d21763/arab-building-interior-and-exterior-3d-model-65c5d21763.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7262685","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7262685,"title":"Abandoned white farm utility shed ","price":2.19,"description":"This abandoned white farm utility shed is a low-poly digital asset optimized for real-time rendering and interactive environments. Constructed with 236 mesh faces and 304 vertices, it offers high performance efficiency without sacrificing essential structural details. The design features weathered white siding, a simple gable roof, and a utilitarian layout typical of rural outbuildings. It is ideally suited for post-apocalyptic game settings, survival simulations, or horror-themed virtual experiences where players explore neglected agricultural landscapes. Its compact geometry ensures smooth integration into large-scale open worlds while effectively conveying a sense of decay and abandonment.\n","imageAlt":"Abandoned white farm utility shed","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/abandoned-white-farm-utility-shed","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/aouqukmbvhw391fax4z8no27y8uz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/7.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/aouqukmbvhw391fax4z8no27y8uz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/7.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/abandoned-white-farm-utility-shed","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":189,"name":".ply","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":72,"name":".stp","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7262685/d4e8fe7569/abandoned-white-farm-utility-shed-3d-model-d4e8fe7569.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7107606","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7107606,"title":"American Low Poly house 1 and Free Oak Tree - Game Ready","price":5.99,"description":"\n\n##  American Low Poly House 1 – Game Ready 3D Model\n\n**American Low Poly House 1** is a clean, optimized, and visually appealing 3D asset designed for real-time applications. This model features a detailed brick exterior, roof structure/roof water gutter, chimney, windows, and porch elements, making it perfect for building realistic environments while maintaining excellent performance.\n\nWith its **low polygon count and efficient topology**, this asset is ideal for **games, simulations, VR/AR experiences, and real-time rendering projects**. The model is designed to be easy to integrate into any environment such as neighborhoods, towns, open-world maps, or architectural scenes.\n\n---\n\n##  Model Statistics\n\n* **Vertices:** 1,744\n* **Edges:** 2,777\n* **Faces:** 1,153\n* **Triangles:** 2,290\n\nOptimized geometry ensures smooth performance in **real-time engines like Unity or Unreal Engine**, including mobile platforms.\n\n---\n\n##  Textures\n\nHigh-quality **PBR textures** created using **Adobe Substance Painter**.\n\nIncluded texture maps:\n\n* Base Color (Albedo)\n* Roughness\n* Metallic\n* Normal\n\nThese textures provide **realistic surface detail while remaining lightweight and efficient** for game development.\n\n---\n\n##  Software Used\n\n* **Blender 5.0.0** – Modeling\n* **Adobe Substance Painter** – Texture creation\n\n---\n\n##  Perfect For\n\n* Game environments\n* Unity / Unreal Engine projects\n* Mobile games\n* VR / AR applications\n* Simulation environments\n* Architectural scenes\n\n---\n\n##  Features\n\n * Optimized **low poly design**\n* **Game-ready topology**\n* **PBR textured materials**\n* Clean and organized mesh\n* Easy to integrate into real-time projects\n\n","imageAlt":"American Low Poly house 1 and Free Oak Tree - 3D model 1","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/american-low-poly-house-1-and-free-oak-tree-game-ready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dmc5up52rc65of5ic2rtf8628x34/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dmc5up52rc65of5ic2rtf8628x34/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/american-low-poly-house-1-and-free-oak-tree-game-ready","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7107606/b61f381384/american-low-poly-house-1-and-free-oak-tree-game-ready-3d-model-b61f381384.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"2095506","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2095506,"title":"Realistic City S7","price":209.3,"description":"\n_**This is full 3d city model modeled based on americans cities. This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to render. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light.**_\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n_For animation_\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City_S7\n- Version: 2014\n- Units: Meters\n- Dimension: 2954.65 x 2648.7 x 1121.26\n- Polys: 6 691 542\n- Model Parts: 3115\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: 3Ds Max 2014, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects are organized in layers.\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- The names of the objects coincide with the names of their materials\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to render, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light.  Dome light inside + HDRI map.\n- All materials are Vray materials\n- All cars, bushes and trees scattered by **Multiscatter** plugin. (If you dont have this plugin you will not have scattered cars, trees and bushes)\n- All scattered models located in separate place in scene, you can see it on the last preview image.\n- Textures usually more than 4k, allow to render average plans and sometimes close up plans.\n\n**_The model works completely correctly only in the 3d max program._**\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n**6** 691 542 POLYGONS\n\n**Previews**\n\n**_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._**\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were **color corrected** to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.\n","imageAlt":"Realistic City S7 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/city-s7","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/frsr6jjr71iova8wtdzuymmh3wzq/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/realistic-city-s7-3d-model-17bbef63cd.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/frsr6jjr71iova8wtdzuymmh3wzq/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/realistic-city-s7-3d-model-17bbef63cd.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/city-s7","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":185,"name":".mat","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2095506/17bbef63cd/realistic-city-s7-3d-model-17bbef63cd.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6907118","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6907118,"title":"Milners Tower","price":17.0,"description":"Low poly model of Milners Tower, it is pbr with 4k resolutions. This is low poly model with 1173 polys. This is ideal opportunity to decorate your scene with object that will be in other plans, and that would be seen from a long distance.Included textures: UE4, Unity, Metallic roughness, Vray, Corona textures...\n\nThis low poly 3D model of Milner's Tower represents the iconic coastal monument located on Bradda Head on the Isle of Man. Built in the late 19th century, the tower was erected as a memorial to William Milner, a local benefactor and philanthropist.\n\nThe structure is recognizable for its keyhole-shaped design and stone construction, standing dramatically on coastal cliffs overlooking the Irish Sea. Its unique silhouette makes it a great landmark asset for coastal environments, open-world maps, and exploration games.\n\nThe model is designed with optimized low poly geometry, making it suitable for real-time rendering, game engines, VR/AR experiences, and large environments while maintaining the distinctive character of the original monument.\n\nFeatures\n\nLow poly optimized mesh\n\nGame-ready asset\n\nClean topology\n\nReal-world proportions\n\nSuitable for real-time rendering\n\nDistinctive landmark architecture\n\nPossible Uses\n\nOpen world environments\n\nCoastal landscapes\n\nExploration games\n\nHistorical scenes\n\nVR / AR experiences\n\nBackground landmarks","imageAlt":"Milners Tower 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/milners-tower","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qmsqzzad0j605py5gnmxgednsh4c/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Screenshot_12.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qmsqzzad0j605py5gnmxgednsh4c/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Screenshot_12.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/milners-tower","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":4,"name":".dwg","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":7,"name":".dxf","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6907118/86ebbc545b/milners-tower-3d-model-86ebbc545b.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"4346571","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4346571,"title":"SCIFI modules kitbash Military Base Building Kit Cyberpunk","price":59.99,"description":"Introducing the Sci-Fi Industrial Base modular assets pack, the ultimate solution for creating high-quality Sci-Fi scenes in games, cinematics, and movies. With this pack, you can bring your vision to life and build an awe-inspiring **AAA**-quality environment.\n\nCrafted with utmost precision and attention to detail, these assets are created using a convenient approach that ensures any designer can use them with ease. With our pack, you get organized archives, where the 3D objects' names are correspondingly sorted with their textures, making it a hassle-free experience for all 3D artists. This pack provides you with the freedom to create unique structures, giving you full control of your creativity.\n\nNot only can you use these assets in games, but they also work seamlessly with visualizations, VR, AR, and cinematics, making it versatile for various CG fields. The pack is compatible with Unity, Unreal engine, and other 3D game engines, making it easy to integrate into your workflow.\n\nThis pack includes a demo scene in Unreal Engine 5 with all the modules prepared, so you can immediately get started. The materials with textures are already assigned to assets, making it even more convenient to build new structures. Rendered in Unreal Engine. \n\nWith 94 modules in total and an average module polycount of **2000**, this pack provides you with high-quality, well-optimized assets. The archive contains **FBX** file formats, making it compatible with the most popular 3D software like 3dsmax, Maya, Blender, and others. The textures are in PNG format and come in **4096x4096 pixels resolution**, with** PBR, UNITY, UNREAL ENGINE, **and** VRAY** workflows.\n\nThis SCI-FI modular assets pack is an invaluable resource for any designer looking to create top-quality SCI-FI games, cinematics, and more. With its ease of use, incredible versatility, and high-quality assets, you'll be able to bring your visions to life in no time. So why wait? Get your hands on this fantastic package today and unleash your creativity like never before!\n\nPNG 4k Textures:\nPBR\nUNITY\nUE5\nVRAY\n\nFormats:\nFBX\nUE5\n94 unique objects! \n\nWe hope you like it!\nSaintpix","imageAlt":"3D model SCIFI modules kitbash Military Base Building Kit","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/scifi-modules-kitbash-military-base-building-kit-cyberpunk","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gBthNX7hovxnZTT35MmoGnq9/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Main.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/gBthNX7hovxnZTT35MmoGnq9/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Main.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/scifi-modules-kitbash-military-base-building-kit-cyberpunk","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":201,"name":".fbm","is_native":false},{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"sci-fi-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Sci-fi","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4346571/fd1c077efa/scifi-modules-kitbash-military-base-building-kit-cyberpunk-3d-model-fd1c077efa.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7214286","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7214286,"title":"water tank 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\n\n\nCotton was a difficult raw material for Europe to obtain before it was grown on colonial plantations.[35] Spanish explorers found Native Americans growing sea island (Gossypium barbadense) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sea island cotton was exported from Barbados from the 1650s. Upland cotton was uneconomical because of the difficulty of removing seed, a problem solved by the cotton gin.[13]: 157  A strain of cotton seed brought from Mexico to Na","imageAlt":"water tank 3D model 7214286","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/water-tank-3d-model-28193064-ccb6-4094-9630-a13a31ed2519","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/49mjg2nqtyb9othk26fmuy8lj28k/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/49mjg2nqtyb9othk26fmuy8lj28k/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/water-tank-3d-model-28193064-ccb6-4094-9630-a13a31ed2519","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7214286/8abcdb2a62/water-tank-3d-model-3d-model-8abcdb2a62.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7223292","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223292,"title":" Coal mine extraction tower 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision me","imageAlt":"Coal mine extraction tower 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7gpojifymkvgapq4jug29kzye699/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7gpojifymkvgapq4jug29kzye699/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223292/6166b93414/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model-3d-model-6166b93414.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7036049","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7036049,"title":"Dystopian Mega Structure Building Model Pack and 4K Textures","price":29.99,"description":"A set of 10 high quality and detailed Dystopian Mega Structure Building Model Pack + 4K Textures ready to be used in SCI-FI and futuristic project made with realistic approach inside blender UV unwrapped and Fully textured and ready to be use in any projects\n\nKey Features:\n\n    All Buildings Photo realistic Textured in 4K \n    Optimized Blender 3.6 variation with 2K textures in cluded\n    Highly detailed about 1.1 million triangles in total\n    Comes with modeled roof and structural details\n    Inspired by Blade runner movie and adapted for cyberpunk style projects\n    Mega structure building + smaller buildings included\n    10 Different building with little to no similarity just same style\n    Along Blend format, Obj + FBX + Glb + USD included\n\nNote : For Blend file you need to have at least Blender 3.6 and above\nNote : For Blend file you need to have at least Blender 5.0.1 \n","imageAlt":"Dystopian Mega Structure Building Model Pack a...","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/cyberpunky-mega-structure-building-model-pack","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qgxhsdwy4eokv0jvj4q02uivtlob/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Poster%202026-Cyber-F5.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qgxhsdwy4eokv0jvj4q02uivtlob/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Poster%202026-Cyber-F5.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/sci-fi-exterior/cyberpunky-mega-structure-building-model-pack","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"sci-fi-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Sci-fi","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7036049/6bfb24245b/dystopian-mega-structure-building-model-pack-and-4k-textures-3d-model-6bfb24245b.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7222845","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222845,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7222845","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-0442b23b-8aa2-494b-bbca-12a219e5b86e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/rsvwa0li9v18yz47mlr539n5x4sv/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/rsvwa0li9v18yz47mlr539n5x4sv/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-0442b23b-8aa2-494b-bbca-12a219e5b86e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222845/c24a71623b/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-c24a71623b.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"3835924","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3835924,"title":"Old neglected hotel with interior furniture","price":16.99,"description":"This is hotel in dirty, old, neglected look with some basic furniture.\nEach floor except ground floor has this design: 4 rooms with ensuite bathroom (two with balcony),  4 rooms with one common bathroom (one with balcony), one servis room. \nHotel consist of Exterior: base, 6 levels and roof, Air-conditioning,  electric boxes, staircase, doors, pipe, ventylation duct, Logo, windows. There is also a interior, walls, floor, ceiling, stairs and simple furniture like wardrobe, bed with duvet, table, armchair, bathroom.\nAll elements have textures : normal, difffuse, roughness (some object also mettalic) usually 2k.Elevation of building has 4k texture. Glasses element are separate object.\n\nIf you don't need interior, it's possible to delete that part (it is separate element). Logo of building can be delete or change for another one, like the rest element- feel free to change it.\nBuilding with all additional elements: 330000 polygons, 340000 vertices\nExterior of building : 42000 polygons, 56000 vertices\n\n\nAvailable format:\n- BLEND (native)\n- STL\n- FBX\n- OBJ\n","imageAlt":"Old neglected hotel with interior furniture 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/old-neglected-hotel-with-interior","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/cDzVLDbXcZHbEFxDakBiPXmK/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/2.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/cDzVLDbXcZHbEFxDakBiPXmK/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/2.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/old-neglected-hotel-with-interior","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3835924/4b8ed68670/old-neglected-hotel-with-interior-furniture-3d-model-4b8ed68670.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"890219","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":890219,"title":"Old House 03","price":2.0,"description":"For every 3D model you have purchased, I am giving you a coupon for a discount of 55% for the purchase of another 3D model from my gallery.\nOld house model.  \n There are Three rooms in the house, each of which has the opportunity to enter the character ...  \n The model is reproduced to real sizes.  \n ( Scale factor = 1 )  \n There are 2 archive formats available for download  \n rar. zip.\n\nIn the archive you have - Model in formats :  \n Original format Maya Binary  \n FBX  \n DAE_FBX_export  \n OBJ\n\nTexture: ( 2 UV ), format Targa, + PSD for correction  \n DM, SM, NM  \n 2048 \\* 2048\n\nThe model is already used in the game ..  \n The render is executed in Marmoset Toolbag 3\n\n","imageAlt":"Old House 03 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/old-1db9891d-e8d0-4b8b-a119-2bd4827f87d5","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/VCNymCcCMwWyzUi6M7K3ZHcb/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/old-house-03-3d-model-low-poly-obj-mtl-fbx-ma-mb-dae-tga.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/VCNymCcCMwWyzUi6M7K3ZHcb/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/old-house-03-3d-model-low-poly-obj-mtl-fbx-ma-mb-dae-tga.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/old-1db9891d-e8d0-4b8b-a119-2bd4827f87d5","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/890219/f675c77df8/old-house-03-3d-model-f675c77df8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7222882","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222882,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a741e3d6-1536-4ebe-a252-7099925773fa","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6z8yzf0nwquxkr29pwa2y4m00fjz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6z8yzf0nwquxkr29pwa2y4m00fjz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a741e3d6-1536-4ebe-a252-7099925773fa","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222882/0c97764b19/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0c97764b19.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7025417","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7025417,"title":"Realistic Wooden Barn","price":27.99,"description":"This high-quality realistic wooden barn 3D model is designed for both real-time and cinematic applications. Built with attention to structural detail and surface realism, the asset features weathered wood textures, natural wear, and an authentic rural aesthetic.\n\nThe model includes multiple viewing angles and a well-defined silhouette, making it suitable for environments such as farms, villages, abandoned scenes, and open-world landscapes.\n\nKey Features\n\n\n\n\n\nRealistic wooden barn structure with detailed plank design\n\n\n\n4K high-resolution PBR textures for enhanced realism\n\n\n\nClean topology optimized for game engines\n\n\n\nAccurate proportions and modular-friendly design\n\n\n\nReady for Unreal Engine, Unity, and offline rendering\n\nTexture Maps Included\n\n\n\n\n\nBase Color / Albedo\n\n\n\nNormal Map\n\n\n\nRoughness Map\n\n\n\nAmbient Occlusion\n\n\n\nMetalness\n\nFile Formats\n\n\n\n\n\nFBX\n\n\n\nOBJ\n\n\n\nBLEND\n\n\n\nMAYA\n\n\n\nSTL\n\n\n\nUSD\n\n\n\nGLB\n\nUse Cases\n\n\n\n\n\nGame environments (rural, survival, open world)\n\n\n\nCinematic scenes and animation\n\n\n\nArchitectural visualization\n\n\n\nBackground assets for storytelling\n\n\n\nAR/VR environments\n\nAdditional Notes\n\nThe asset is designed with a balance of realism and performance. The weathered wood detailing adds depth and authenticity, making it ideal for both close-up shots and large-scale environment scenes.","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/realistic-wooden-barn","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/x5nnsoz41rv9ezlbj9o62n29qmqb/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Preview1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/x5nnsoz41rv9ezlbj9o62n29qmqb/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Preview1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/realistic-wooden-barn","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7025417/9f8cfe6a07/realistic-wooden-barn-3d-model-9f8cfe6a07.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2663568","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2663568,"title":"Realistic City S7 MAYA","price":279.3,"description":"_**This is full 3d city model modeled based on americans cities. This is real world scale model. Whole scene setuped and fully ready to use. All materials setuped in Vray. Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light.**_\n\n- _**The model works completely correctly only in the Maya 2019 program.**_\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n**For animation**\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City S7\n- Version: 2019\n- Units: Meters\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: MB 2019, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to work, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light. No baked light.\n- All materials are setuped\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n25 118 771 POLYGONS\n\n16 853 245 VERTS\n\n\n**Previews**\n\n**_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._**\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were color corrected to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"Realistic City S7 MAYA 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-s7-maya","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dkvqAtitRJGRp3FynhHgiaC5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dkvqAtitRJGRp3FynhHgiaC5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-s7-maya","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":120,"name":".mel","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2663568/8dc837376b/realistic-city-s7-maya-3d-model-8dc837376b.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7236461","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7236461,"title":"Abandoned feed barn ","price":2.79,"description":"This low-poly abandoned feed barn is a versatile asset designed for rural and post-apocalyptic game environments, architectural visualizations, and digital storytelling. Comprising 146 mesh faces and 246 vertices, it offers high performance without sacrificing essential detail. The structure features weathered vertical siding, a textured shingle roof, sliding red doors marked \"FEED STORAGE,\" and scattered graffiti that conveys a sense of neglect and history. Its efficient geometry makes it perfect for populating large open-world maps, serving as a background element in cinematic sequences, or acting as an interactive shelter in survival simulations where optimization is critical.\n","imageAlt":"Abandoned feed barn","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/abandoned-feed-barn","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ca6riu44lexgs8buga22t1t1epac/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/6.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ca6riu44lexgs8buga22t1t1epac/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/6.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/abandoned-feed-barn","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":72,"name":".stp","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":189,"name":".ply","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7236461/e4ac1a77d0/abandoned-feed-barn-3d-model-e4ac1a77d0.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"6125775","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6125775,"title":"fire station","price":129.0,"description":"\nA high-quality model will enhance the detail and realism of any rendering project. Elevate your work with our meticulously crafted 3D model, designed to meet the highest standards and add a professional touch to a variety of applications.\n\nRealistic Design: Engineered with photo-realistic details, perfect for real-world applications.\n\nFully Materialized: Comes with high-resolution materials for a flawless appearance from any angle.\n\nModeled and Rendered: Originally created in 3ds Max 2018 and rendered with V-Ray. Available in multiple compatible formats.\n\nEasy Integration: Seamlessly integrates into architectural visualizations, interior designs, and outdoor projects.\n\nIdeal for a broad range of uses, including architectural visualizations, product presentations, and digital art, this model will enhance the realism and detail of your work.\n\ntrees and sceen not include only building\n\nFeatures:\n\nNo errors or missing files.\nNo cleanup necessary—just drop the model into your scene and start rendering.\nReal-time scale (Units: mm).\nWe are committed to helping you achieve exceptional results and hope our model proves to be a valuable asset to your projects!","imageAlt":"exterior 3D asset VR / AR ready fire station","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/fire-station-3f2c76d9-ade4-4c3b-9db0-ee5e627e5d09","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/0jwcpu60k8vig6g1fsxvf4dqxb1d/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Scene%201%2811%29.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/0jwcpu60k8vig6g1fsxvf4dqxb1d/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Scene%201%2811%29.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/fire-station-3f2c76d9-ade4-4c3b-9db0-ee5e627e5d09","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6125775/1d9825cdd4/fire-station-3d-model-1d9825cdd4.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7216784","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216784,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nold demolished factory 3D model\n\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216784/0be4d46168/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0be4d46168.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7102814","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7102814,"title":"Modern Glass Skyscraper - Steel Frame High-Rise Tower","price":10.0,"description":"A highly detailed, modern 3D model of a contemporary glass skyscraper featuring an external steel structure and a decorative wrapping facade ribbon element. Perfect for architectural visualization, urban planning scenes, and sci-fi or modern cityscapes.\n\nThe model includes a fully detailed ground-level entrance with steps, a surrounding boundary wall, internal columns/floor slabs, and an integrated curtain wall system.\n\nTechnical Specifications\nEdges: 252,024\nFaces: 116,122\nComponent Instances: 97\nGroups: 10\nMaterials: 15 distinct materials (Glass, Steel, Concrete, Patterned Facade Tiles, Brick/Stone base)\n\nFeatures\n- Clean geometry and organized group/component hierarchy.\n- Includes internal floor plates and columns, visible through the curtain wall for realistic glass refractions.\n- Detailed base/podium entry level with stairs and retaining walls.\n- Fully textured with standard architectural materials.","imageAlt":"Modern Glass Skyscraper - Steel Frame High-Rise 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/modern-glass-skyscraper-steel-frame-high-rise-tower","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qm103x54oi08lhmmvm26hrupv0k6/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Steel%20Str-12.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qm103x54oi08lhmmvm26hrupv0k6/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Steel%20Str-12.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/modern-glass-skyscraper-steel-frame-high-rise-tower","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7102814/daa1834948/modern-glass-skyscraper-steel-frame-high-rise-tower-3d-model-daa1834948.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7216848","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216848,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216848/75271943c1/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-75271943c1.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7212862","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212862,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. 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The visual design prioritizes readability and charm, often used in casual games or animation environments. \n\nFor game design, stylized animation, mobile apps, urban simulation, virtual environments, architectural concept art, education, cityscape modeling, interactive storytelling, children\u0026#39;s media, creative sandbox projects, and virtual world creation in entertainment, marketing, and development industries.\nCartoon Cafe Building is a high quality, photo real 3d model that will enhance detail and realism to any of your rendering projects. The model has a fully textured, detailed design that allows for close-up renders, and was originally modeled in 3ds Max and rendered with V-Ray. Renders have no postprocessing!\n\nHope you like it!\n\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality polygonal model, has real dimensions. Easy to merge into your scene.\n- Units: cm\n- The model was created with the optimal number of polygons. (The Meshsmooth modifier is assigned to the original mesh. Easy to increase mesh resolution if necessary.)\n- All the objects come with complete UVs\nAll textures and materials are included and mapped. 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No 3rd party software is required.\n\nPlease note, textures are included in the 3ds Max KC9.rar. 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Their low polygon count makes it efficient for real-time applications while maintaining a professional visual appearance.\n\n### Features\n\n* Low Poly optimized geometry\n* Clean and organized model\n* Industrial hangar / warehouse style interior\n* Large skylight openings for natural lighting setups\n* Suitable for ArchViz, games, VR, AR, animations, and product rendering\n* Easy to customize materials, lighting, and scale\n* Professional topology and scene organization\n\n### Included Formats\n\n* 3ds Max (.max)\n* FBX (.fbx)\n* 3DS (.3ds)\n* DAE / Collada (.dae)\n\n### Ideal For\n\n* Architectural visualization\n* Product showcase renders\n* Industrial environment design\n* Virtual production\n* Game environments\n* Concept art and cinematic scenes\n* Background environments for commercials and presentations\n\nThis package provides a strong architectural foundation that can be quickly adapted to a wide range of creative and commercial projects, saving valuable production time 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013","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/industrial-building-factory-013","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ic8zvj94s1yig6djv94tkmmssfp2/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ic8zvj94s1yig6djv94tkmmssfp2/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/industrial-building-factory-013","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6631878/138585f03e/industrial-building-factory-013-3d-model-138585f03e.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"4363555","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4363555,"title":"Eastern European Building 008","price":14.99,"description":"**European Building.**\n\n- Design is made on a real life example. \n- Ideal for realistic exterior renders.\n- Can be used in game engines. \n- High details.\n- Original design. \n- Base mesh model. \n- Colored with material data. \n- No texture. \n- Model to correct scale.\n- Building origin country is Poland. \n\nModel created in Blender 3.4. \n\n- Clean and easy scene. \n- All parts separated with materials applied. \n- Scene is very clear and all model components are named.\n- Model has vertex groups and UV maps.\n- Mid poly model. (40,000 polygons).\n- Median point at the centre base of the model. \n- Exported in to multiple file formats. \n\nIf you have any questions please contact me. ","imageAlt":"Eastern European Building 008 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/eastern-european-building-008","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sys7oyavwj8tif2bqi521j0gl36d/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/eastern-european-building-008-3d-model-cc9108c6b4.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sys7oyavwj8tif2bqi521j0gl36d/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/eastern-european-building-008-3d-model-cc9108c6b4.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/eastern-european-building-008","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4363555/cc9108c6b4/eastern-european-building-008-3d-model-cc9108c6b4.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"598730","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":598730,"title":"Gas Turbine Plant - Full Set","price":99.0,"description":"This is real-world-size model of Gas Turbine Plant made by professional architect.\n- Dimensions: 130m x 122m x 45m (height) \n- Units used: Centimeters \n- Originally created with 3ds Max 2011\n\n**FORMATS**\n- **MAX** - Autodesk 3dsMax\n- **FBX, OBJ, DAE** - Exchange Formats\n- **GLTF, GLB** - Games, Web, AR/VR (request)\n- **UNITYPACKAGE** - Unity 3D (request)\n- **3DM** - Rhino 3D\n- **SKP** - SketchUp \n- **RVT** - Autodesk Revit (request)\n- **STL** - 3D Print (request)\n- **C4D** - Cinema4D\n- **BLEND** - Blender\n- **MA, MB** - Autodesk Maya\n- **DWG, DXF** - Autodesk AutoCAD (request)\n\n**LEVEL OF DETAIL and USAGE**\n- TWO material options.\n- This highly detailed model and suitable for different purpose - realtime and game use, Unity, UE4, CGI exterior visualization and achitecture - 2.759.696 polygons - 2.961.063 vertices\n\n**GEOMETRY**\n- The models mesh is high quality, with clean edge flow. \n- Geometry is carefully tested for holes, flipped normals and overlapping polygons. \n- Mesh is low-poly, allows you to easily build up the additional details, edit geometry. \n- All similar objects are Instances - easy change or replace \n- Shell Modifier applied and disabled for glass objects.\n\n**ADDITIONAL NOTES**\n- No third-party plug-ins needed\n\n","imageAlt":"Gas Turbine Plant - Full Set 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/gas-turbine-plant","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/wX7A5KrNT66J8hTFTzJ9xWtL/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/00_cg.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/wX7A5KrNT66J8hTFTzJ9xWtL/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/00_cg.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/gas-turbine-plant","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/598730/8441798303/gas-turbine-plant-full-set-3d-model-8441798303.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2639853","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2639853,"title":"4K Japanese Kyoto Shrine - Fushimi Inari Taisha - Mitsurugisha","price":85.0,"description":"Props inspired on the real place called Mitsurugisha, on the Fushimi Inari Taisha mountain from Kyoto. The pack contains the props shown on the picture Overview, making a total of 23 high quality props with their respective 4K textures that you can shrink according to your needs, both models and textures have been prepared for real-time graphics and VR but can also be used for render. The textures are ready for the default material structure of Unreal Engine 4 but you can find all the maps split for other kind of render engines or structures. \n\nThe list of props are:\n\n- Altar\n- Altar1\n- Altar2\n- Barrier\n- Base\n- Big_structure\n- Bucket\n- Candle_structure\n- Candle1\n- Candle2\n- Coinboz\n- Little_Candle (The only one without 4k texture because is very small)\n- Map\n- Slab\n- Small_Arch\n- Small_Structure\n- Stone_Arch\n- Stone_Fence\n- Streetlight\n- Table1\n- Table2\n- Wooden_Arch\n- Wooden_Fence\n\nAll the props are in .FBX if you need another kind of export or do you have any question or I can help you in any form just start a conversation with me (^-^)\n\nToo see more examples using this props visit my Artstation project: https://www.artstation.com/artwork/NxGzON","imageAlt":"4K Japanese Kyoto Shrine - Fushimi Inari Taisha - 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/4k-japanese-kyoto-shrine-fushimi-inari-taisha-mitsurugisha","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/DN23j1PUwTVSP7yktmuuNzRz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/juan-garcia-hueso-highresscreenshot00004.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/DN23j1PUwTVSP7yktmuuNzRz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/juan-garcia-hueso-highresscreenshot00004.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/4k-japanese-kyoto-shrine-fushimi-inari-taisha-mitsurugisha","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2639853/6b2655dcda/4k-japanese-kyoto-shrine-fushimi-inari-taisha-mitsurugisha-3d-model-6b2655dcda.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6019799","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6019799,"title":"Modular Medieval Village","price":99.99,"description":"\u003e Features\n- UE 5.3 - The map was made specifically for UE5.3 and above using Lumen and nanite landscapes to drastically enhance visuals and performance!\n- Massive - 212 Meshes To Construct Any Of Your New Environments!\n- Interiors/Enterable - All buildings are fully enterable and fully furnished!\n- ​Fully Modular - Enjoy a fully modular kit to create your own Medieval towns, cities and everything in between. \n- Nanite Foliage - Enjoy a vast library of Photoscaned foliage to be used across all of your projects!\n- VFX Library - A vast VFX library including birds, smoke, Fog, and much more are included!\n- This Product supports Lumen for Unreal Engine 5.0+This Product supports Nanite for Unreal Engine 5.0+\n\n\u003e Technical details\n- Number of Unique Meshes: 212\n- Collision: (Yes automatically generated)\n- Vertex Count: 520 - 73k (Nanite Meshes)\n- LODs: (Yes/No)\n- Number of Materials and Material Instances: 85\n- Number of Textures: 184\n- Texture Resolutions: (2048x2048, 4096x4096)\n- Supported Development Platforms:\n- Windows: (Yes)\n- Mac: (Yes)","imageAlt":"3D asset rigged Modular Medieval Village","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/modular-medieval-village","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pus3yu5hokh31pm6qoafs1jrsas3/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/modular-medieval-village-3d-model-c38f34ff71.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pus3yu5hokh31pm6qoafs1jrsas3/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/modular-medieval-village-3d-model-c38f34ff71.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/modular-medieval-village","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":true,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":true},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":228,"name":".json","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6019799/c38f34ff71/modular-medieval-village-3d-model-c38f34ff71.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6979472","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6979472,"title":"Medieval Stone Tower Pack","price":14.99,"description":"This high-quality medieval stone tower pack includes two distinct architectural structures: a classic cylindrical castle tower and a detailed lighthouse-style tower. Both models are designed with a strong focus on realism, structural accuracy, and versatility, making them ideal for a wide range of 3D projects.\n\nThe cylindrical tower features a fortified design with crenellations, narrow slit windows, and a weathered stone surface that reflects age and environmental exposure. Subtle imperfections such as discoloration, moss patches, and surface wear add depth and storytelling value, making it suitable for historical environments, fantasy worlds, or cinematic scenes.\n\nThe lighthouse-style tower offers a more vertical and segmented structure, complete with layered stone construction, circular windows, a balcony platform, and a detailed top shelter. The inclusion of wooden elements, railings, and architectural variation enhances its visual interest and makes it a strong focal asset in coastal, medieval, or stylized environments.\n\nBoth models utilize physically based rendering (PBR) materials with carefully crafted textures that simulate real stone surfaces, including roughness variation, edge wear, and natural light interaction. The assets are optimized to maintain a balance between visual fidelity and performance, ensuring smooth usage in real-time engines as well as high-quality renders.\n\nThe topology is clean and production-ready, allowing easy integration into pipelines and flexibility for modifications, kitbashing, or scene building. These towers can be used individually or combined to create richer environments such as castles, villages, fortresses, or exploration-based game levels.\n\nKey Features\n\n\n\n\n\nTwo unique tower designs (castle tower + lighthouse tower)\n\n\n\nHigh-resolution 2K / 4K PBR textures\n\n\n\nRealistic stone materials with weathering and aging details\n\n\n\nClean, optimized topology for game engines\n\n\n\nSuitable for real-time and cinematic rendering\n\n\n\nModular-friendly and easy to integrate\n\n\n\nProduction-ready asset\n\nFile Formats\n\nBlender, Maya, FBX, OBJ, STL, USD, GLB","imageAlt":"3D model Medieval Stone Tower Pack","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/medieval-stone-tower-pack","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/l5uvse05odctg6dss7n3mqkzidn0/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Tower1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/l5uvse05odctg6dss7n3mqkzidn0/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Tower1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/medieval-stone-tower-pack","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":207,"name":".usd","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6979472/45a6459fc8/medieval-stone-tower-pack-3d-model-45a6459fc8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7222958","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222958,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. 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The model’s streamlined structure supports rapid instancing and seamless integration into dynamic landscapes without taxing system resources.\n","imageAlt":"Chinese Rural House","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/chinese-rural-house","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5disj1z17m477gi4gyppue79ki3c/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/6.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5disj1z17m477gi4gyppue79ki3c/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/6.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/chinese-rural-house","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":true},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":72,"name":".stp","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":189,"name":".ply","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7199732/c676636cc5/chinese-rural-house-3d-model-c676636cc5.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"3983660","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3983660,"title":"Human Knee Joint Anatomy Rigged","price":99.0,"description":"This is a high detailed photorealistic 3D model\n\n   -The model has a fully textured 8192(vray) 4096(pbr USDZ gLTF)\n\n-Obj +Mtl\n\n-Fbx( with bone )\n\n-Marmoset\n\n-gLTF\n\n-USDZ\n\n- High quality polygonal model, correctly scaled for an accurate representation of the original object.\n\n-Models resolutions are optimized for polygon efficiency.\n\n-Model is fully textured with all materials applied.\n\n-3ds Max models are grouped for easy selection, and objects are logically named for ease of scene management.\n\n-No part-name confusion when importing several models into a scene.\n\n-No cleaning up necessaryjust drop your models into the scene and start rendering.\n\n-No special plugin needed to open scene\n\n-Include 4 format ( Vray Pbr gLTF USDZ )\n\n-Unit scale   cm","imageAlt":"Human Knee Joint Anatomy Rigged 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/science/medical/human-knee-joint-anatomy-rigged","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Z8ngNopfaWFvzEFq2fmSbrMD/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Z8ngNopfaWFvzEFq2fmSbrMD/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/science/medical/human-knee-joint-anatomy-rigged","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":true,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":137,"name":".tbscene","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"science","subcategorySlug":"medical","categoryTitle":"Science","subcategoryTitle":"Medical","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3983660/2a57e8a83c/human-knee-joint-anatomy-rigged-3d-model-2a57e8a83c.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7223358","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223358,"title":" crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"crane 3D model 7223358","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223358/54ae7a233f/crane-3d-model-3d-model-54ae7a233f.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"250952","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":250952,"title":"Medieval City Tavern","price":39.0,"description":"\u003cp\u003eThis pack contains 1 Medieval Tavern model + 39 Prop Models! 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Whether you're working on a game, a 3D rendering, or a real-world prototype, this model is ready to integrate seamlessly into your workflow.\nPurchase now and add a touch of sophistication to your designs!\nLet me know if you need further tweaks or a more specific tone for your target audience","imageAlt":"Staircase Structure Low Poly 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/staircase-structure-low-poly","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ynaoN5r7YtSjVfTacjG2QeJQ/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/screenshot000.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ynaoN5r7YtSjVfTacjG2QeJQ/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/screenshot000.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/staircase-structure-low-poly","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":201,"name":".fbm","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5735446/fa9047d737/staircase-structure-low-poly-3d-model-fa9047d737.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"53584","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":53584,"title":"NYC Block 5 Unity","price":39.0,"description":"Realistic New York City block. 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Light setuped by HDRI and Dome light.**_\n\n- _**The model works completely correctly only in the Maya 2019 program.**_\n\n**How to use:**\n\n_For static renders_\n- Any art images\n- Architecture presentation\n- Exterior Visualization\n- Can be used as detailed backgrounds.\n- And much more\n\n**For animation**\n\n- You can shoot panoramas\n- Use as drones video\n- Shoot spans across the streets\n- Zoom in / zoom out videos\n- And much more\n\n**The model consist of:**\n\n- More than 1000 High Quality Texturers\n- More than 500 Setuped Materials\n- More than 180 Streets and Roofs Assets\n- More than 200 Unique buildings\n\n**Technical things:**\n\n- Name: City S1\n- Version: 2019\n- Units: Meters\n- Render: V-Ray\n- Formats: MB 2019, FBX\n\n**A few things about inner organization**\n\n- All objects has unique names (no box1,box2,box3, inside.)\n- 3d models are low poly, no random heavy models.\n- Scene completley ready to work, just open and go.\n- Fully dynamic light. No baked light.\n- All materials are setuped\n\n**Numbers of polygons without plants and cars:**\n\n17 960 195 POLYGONS\n\n17 340 412 VERTS\n\n\n**Previews**\n\n**_The video in preview is not exactly this city, but is absolutely same detailed as this model._**\n- All previews was created by Vray render\n- Previews  were color corrected to demonstrate the result you can get.\n- All renders was created exactly from scene which you can buy.","imageAlt":"3D model Realistic City S1 MAYA","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-s1-maya","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/WckdJvKv58MPDh8uLk2rw51R/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/WckdJvKv58MPDh8uLk2rw51R/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-s1-maya","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":120,"name":".mel","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2643720/9ca87ba7ad/realistic-city-s1-maya-3d-model-9ca87ba7ad.webp","saleOffDiscount":40,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6553421","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6553421,"title":"building 17","price":8.0,"description":"“Welcome to Utapau! The city of sinkhole!”\n\nMade in 3ds max ,zbrush and in substance painter. It was based on the BF II building upgraded into movie version. I tried to make it movie accurate. Some buildings has 500-1 million polygons, so these are pretty detailed models\n\nIt is ready for cinemas, renders, or other projects that you like!It has a good topology that allow you for use it in movie accurate projects too Everything is in the zip file: you will find it!\n\nWhat will you get ?\n\n- 1 building and 1 material(Warning! this building is a mixed version from others so you may see some textures that are not fully used )\n\nFiles:\n\n- FBX file ( required minimum 2016 )\n\nHigh quality PBR (2048x2048) textures\n\n- Albedo\n- Rougness\n- Metallic\n- AO\n- Specular\n- Emissive\n- Normal (Directx)\n- Reflection\n\nYou can the FBX files import it and is compatible with:\n\n- Blender\n- Unreal Engine\n- Unity\n- Cinema 4D\n- 3ds max\n- Maya\n- Substance painter\n- and many other programs that is using fbx file\n\nCheck my other models here on the page\n\nIf you have any question or wish, i feel free to assist you:) Just write on discord:-\u003e thomastheherooftherepublic4114\n\nOr instagram -\u003e intergalactic_supply_yard","imageAlt":"3D asset building 17","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/building-17-dcc4cb98-bcfd-45e5-9b7b-5e114aa8e5c1","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1yucjg76k49mh4d2tunyuh5sbdc/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/tbrender_Viewport.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1yucjg76k49mh4d2tunyuh5sbdc/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/tbrender_Viewport.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/building-17-dcc4cb98-bcfd-45e5-9b7b-5e114aa8e5c1","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6553421/bd735a48d8/building-17-3d-model-bd735a48d8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7268865","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7268865,"title":"Farm Sheds Barns and Workshops","price":11.99,"description":"This comprehensive asset pack features a diverse collection of farm sheds, barns, and workshops, meticulously crafted with optimized low-polygon geometry and high-resolution realistic textures. Each structure showcases authentic weathering, rust, and hand-painted signage, delivering high visual fidelity while maintaining excellent performance efficiency. This cost-effective solution is ideal for developers creating expansive rural environments in open-world games, farming simulators, and architectural visualizations. The varied architectural styles—from corrugated metal workshops to wooden storage units—allow for rapid scene assembly, making it perfect for populating backgrounds in tactical shooters or building immersive agricultural landscapes without overburdening system resources.\n","imageAlt":"Farm Sheds Barns and Workshops","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/farm-sheds-barns-and-workshops","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5i534yrrtsg25wekcufmx6eyq3x2/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Sum.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5i534yrrtsg25wekcufmx6eyq3x2/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Sum.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/farm-sheds-barns-and-workshops","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7268865/7b43a66a10/farm-sheds-barns-and-workshops-3d-model-7b43a66a10.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"6752211","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6752211,"title":"Chinese Wooden Ancient House ","price":40.0,"description":"Chinese Wooden Ancient House – High-Quality 3D Model\nThis highly detailed Chinese wooden ancient house 3D model is inspired by traditional Chinese architecture, featuring classic timber construction, tiled roof design, carved wooden beams, and authentic historical proportions. The model reflects the elegance and craftsmanship of ancient Chinese residential buildings, making it ideal for cultural, historical, and artistic projects.\nThe model is carefully built with clean topology and accurate details, suitable for games, animations, films, architectural visualization, VR/AR, metaverse environments, and digital heritage reconstructions. Textures are optimized for realistic rendering while maintaining efficient performance.\nFeatures:\n•\tAuthentic Chinese ancient wooden house design\n•\tDetailed wooden structure, roof tiles, beams, and columns\n•\tClean topology, well-organized geometry\n•\tOptimized for real-time and high-quality rendering\n•\tCorrect scale and proportions\n•\tEasy to customize materials and textures\nFile Formats Included:\n•\tFBX\n•\tGLB\n•\tGLTF\n•\tUSDZ\n•\t3ds Max (MAX 2025)\n","imageAlt":"3D model Chinese Wooden Ancient House","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/chinese-wooden-ancient-house-f785fe92-1df0-4abf-b424-91987516ad6e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9g7srl1hxcvfkf9bzlkm0yuyuz3y/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/chinese_ancient_buildingA1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9g7srl1hxcvfkf9bzlkm0yuyuz3y/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/chinese_ancient_buildingA1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/chinese-wooden-ancient-house-f785fe92-1df0-4abf-b424-91987516ad6e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6752211/1c0c5467a1/chinese-wooden-ancient-house-3d-model-1c0c5467a1.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2566612","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2566612,"title":"Dark arcitecture set","price":25.0,"description":"Here you can find a lot of classic evil architecture constructor elements and pregathered example scene (exterior only). ","imageAlt":"3D model Dark arcitecture set","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/dark-arcitecture-set","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Mes6sNKmhCKEDBd7WhV7NsSD/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1920.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/Mes6sNKmhCKEDBd7WhV7NsSD/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1920.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/dark-arcitecture-set","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":83,"name":".unitypackage","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2566612/f72dfaf5be/dark-arcitecture-set-3d-model-f72dfaf5be.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"6539696","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6539696,"title":"Spiral Staircase V4 - Modern Interior Stairs","price":29.0,"description":"A **hand-modeled spiral staircase**, designed with clean geometry and efficient topology for **use in real-time environments, physics simulations,** and **architectural visualization.** Designed to serve as a **reliable and visually balanced foundation** for interactive scenes, animations, and realistic renders.\n\n**Key Features**\n\n- **Optimized spiral staircase** for simulation and real-time use    \n- **Clean low-poly mesh** with accurate proportions and **smooth topology**\n- High-quality  **4K PBR textures** (Diffuse, Roughness, Normal)\n- **Ready to render** out-of-the-box with included lights and cameras\n- Native Blender setup – **no third-party plug-ins required** \n\n**Technical Details**\n\n- **Original Software:** Blender v4.2\n- **Objects Included:** 1 \n- **Polygons:** 28,904 (Subdivision OFF)\n- **Vertices:** 29,406\n- **Units:** Centimeters (H: 2266, W: 758, L: 759)\n- **Renderer:** Blender Cycles \n- **Plug-ins:** None required\n\n**Textures \u0026 Materials**\n\n- Standard **PBR workflow**\n- **4K textures** (4096×4096 px): Diffuse, Roughness, Normal\n- All textures created from **original** photographs or drawings\n- **Ready to render** out-of-the-box – lighting and cameras used for previews are included  \n\n**Mesh \u0026 File Structure**\n\n- **Handcrafted mesh** with clean topology   \n- Export formats (non-native) provided as **base mesh (not smoothed)** for flexible subdivision control  \n\n**Additional Notes**\n\n- All preview renders created in **Blender Cycles** without compositing editors","imageAlt":"3D model Spiral Staircase V4 - Modern Interior Stairs","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/spiral-staircasev4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/71z9pgny5m3b8ramxqut8o579t0t/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/SpiralStairs04b.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/71z9pgny5m3b8ramxqut8o579t0t/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/SpiralStairs04b.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/spiral-staircasev4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6539696/66694e2bb9/spiral-staircase-v4-modern-interior-stairs-3d-model-66694e2bb9.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"6012779","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6012779,"title":"Modular Houses","price":59.99,"description":"\u003e  Drag \u0026 Drop Series VOL 1 - Modular Medieval Houses \u0026 Props\n- Based on our popular Medieval Village pack and due to popular demand we are finally happy to introduce Drag \u0026 Drop Series VOL 1 - Modular Medieval Houses \u0026 Props, the perfect product for anyone looking to create a stunning medieval scene. In the pack you'll find a variety of drag \u0026 drop medieval houses, Watch towers and Instant Prop BPs, which can be arranged and customized to create your own desired layouts. The modular design ensures that you can mix and match different components to create unique, beautiful scenes!\n\n\u003e Features\n- Drag \u0026 Drop - In this pack you will find 8 House Prefabs of them 3 are already fully set up for you with full props and VFX as well as a watchtower kit with 3 draggable BPs. In addition you are getting 192 props with 43 Instant Prop Prefab BPs!\n- Fully Modular - To construct the prefabs we have used our versatile modular kit consisting of 60 highly adaptable meshes that can be combined in create a virtually endless array of medieval architecture including houses, huts and watch towers!\n- Full Interiors - Using the massive 192 mesh prop library we have constructed full interiors for 3 of the house prefabs so you can simply drag and drop them into your scenes, even VFX and lighting is provided out of the box!\n- Massive - With 192 Props, 60 mesh Modular architectural kit, 8 House Prefabs, 3 Watchtower Prefabs and 43 Instant prop BPs this pack has you covered!\n- Optimized - Using elaborate master materials and following strict industry standards for virtually every aspect of the pack. These props will fit right into your current MS budgets with ease!\n\n\u003e Technical details\n- Number of Unique Meshes: 264\n- Collision: (Yes automatically generated)\n- Vertex Count: 95 - 12872\n- LODs: (Yes)\n- Number of Materials and Material Instances: 111\n- Number of Textures: 176\n- Texture Resolutions: (2048x2048)\n- Supported Development Platforms:\n- Windows: (Yes)\n- Mac: (Yes)","imageAlt":"3D asset rigged low-poly Modular Houses","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/modular-houses-4247ab7c-4380-47d7-8678-3a212edd0f63","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ie5owz6ydeevyhn2lu0p3l0oqnre/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/ie5owz6ydeevyhn2lu0p3l0oqnre/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/modular-houses-4247ab7c-4380-47d7-8678-3a212edd0f63","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":true,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":true},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6012779/c2bb42099f/modular-houses-3d-model-c2bb42099f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2596077","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2596077,"title":"Office pack","price":8.0,"description":"Low poly pack of buildings consists of **16** buildings.\u003cbr\u003e\n_Models do not contain textures, only materials are used._\n\nPay attention to the following pictures:\n\n- **2** displays buildings on both sides\n- **5** shows parts of buildings\n- **6** demonstrates all objects included in the pack\n- **7** topology of buildings\n\n**Offices**\n\n|ˍ**Number**ˍ|ˍ**Polygons**ˍ|ˍ**Vertices**ˍ|ˍ**Parts**ˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**1**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **859**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**1096**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**7**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**2**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **653**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **729**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**7**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**3**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **394**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **436**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**7**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**4**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **332**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **370**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**3**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**5**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**1054**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**1000**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**4**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**6**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **431**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **438**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**3**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**7**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **276**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **297**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**4**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**8**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **236**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **252**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**3**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍˍ**9**ˍˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**2420**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**3160**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**6**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**10** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **680**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **844**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**5**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**11** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**2009**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**2568**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**3**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**12** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **444**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **547**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**3**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**13** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**1443**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**1824**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**10** ˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**14** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **424**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **560**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**8**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**15** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **992**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍ**1012**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**4**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n|ˍˍˍˍˍ**16** ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍˍ **298**ˍˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ **331**ˍˍˍ|ˍˍˍˍ**5**ˍˍˍˍ|\u003cbr\u003e\n\nIt is worth pointing out that I was inspired by the models from _@macrovector_ on the _freepik_ website.","imageAlt":"3D asset Office pack","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/office-pack-f1038da8-b8c1-4699-acd7-975a46aa4489","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9jFm9Pn57RHrr68ce7Btk7mK/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9jFm9Pn57RHrr68ce7Btk7mK/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/office-pack-f1038da8-b8c1-4699-acd7-975a46aa4489","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2596077/468cf66ab4/office-pack-3d-model-468cf66ab4.webp","saleOffDiscount":30,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7222736","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222736,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a3366b4b-a92e-4bfe-ae28-103abcf830df","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1k34hslwx04zwn45k8z9tvw5rqm/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1k34hslwx04zwn45k8z9tvw5rqm/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a3366b4b-a92e-4bfe-ae28-103abcf830df","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222736/f1a5dc2d95/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-f1a5dc2d95.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"5890312","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5890312,"title":"Futuristic Skyscraper Architectural Model","price":40.0,"description":"This 3D model offers three levels of detail: low-poly, middle-poly, and high-poly, making it perfect for production rendering in software such as 3ds Max, Maya, Cinema4D, Blender, as well as game engines like Unity and Unreal. 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If you like this model, please leave a comment and a like.","imageAlt":"low-poly Futuristic Skyscraper Architectural Model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/futuristic-skyscraper-architectural-model-89c026c0-cdbe-43f4-b119-a1fbeefa6b67","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tS9oZL4EAGEWzGpU6a2wSKCQ/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/03_preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tS9oZL4EAGEWzGpU6a2wSKCQ/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/03_preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/futuristic-skyscraper-architectural-model-89c026c0-cdbe-43f4-b119-a1fbeefa6b67","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5890312/1ad1e5f03d/futuristic-skyscraper-architectural-model-3d-model-1ad1e5f03d.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"6531952","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6531952,"title":"Straight Staircase V3 - Wooden Interior Stairs","price":29.0,"description":"A clean, **modular interior staircase** designed for flexible use in modern 3D environments. Built with a **focus on simplicity, performance, and realistic proportions,** this staircase fits seamlessly into architectural scenes, real-time simulations, and product visualizations. Its low-poly topology ensures **smooth performance** while maintaining visual fidelity. This universal stair moduleadapts easily to various layouts or interior styles.\n\n**Key Features**\n\n- **Modern straight staircase** with minimalist design    \n- Clean topology and **optimized mesh for real-time performance** \n- High-quality  **4K PBR textures** (Diffuse, Roughness, Normal)\n- Ready to render out-of-the-box with included lights and cameras\n- Native Blender setup – **no third-party plug-ins required** \n\n**Technical Details**\n\n- **Original Software:** Blender v4.4\n- **Objects Included:** 1 \n- **Polygons:** 2,594 (Subdivision OFF)\n- **Vertices:** 2,672 \n- **Units:** Centimeters (H: 364, W: 405, L: 564)\n- **Renderer:** Blender Cycles\n- **Plug-ins:** None required\n\n**Textures \u0026 Materials**\n\n- Standard **PBR workflow**\n- **4K textures** (4096×4096 px): Diffuse, Roughness, Normal\n- All textures created from **original** photographs or drawings\n- **Ready to render** out-of-the-box – lighting and cameras used for previews are included  \n\n**Mesh \u0026 File Structure**\n\n- **Handcrafted mesh** with clean topology   \n- Export formats (non-native) provided as **base mesh (not smoothed)** for flexible subdivision control  \n\n**Additional Notes**\n\n- All preview renders created in **Blender Cycles** without compositing editors","imageAlt":"3D model Straight Staircase V3 - Wooden Interior Stairs","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/straight-staircase-v3","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/y2w38flvj4c67cppcjvxqrbwdv11/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/StraightStairs3b.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/y2w38flvj4c67cppcjvxqrbwdv11/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/StraightStairs3b.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/straight-staircase-v3","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6531952/5b252f278d/straight-staircase-v3-wooden-interior-stairs-3d-model-5b252f278d.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"5944797","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5944797,"title":"Majestic Mosque Architecture Details model pack","price":30.0,"description":"Each model has 3 levels of detail: low-poly, middle-poly, and high-poly, which allows for the use of this model in production rendering(such as 3ds max, Maya,Cinema4d, Blender, Vray/Corona/Cycles and all other), game engines(Unity and Unreal compatible), and interactive presentations, providing a choice of detail based on the LOD System principle. This model is perfect for showcasing architectural visualizations, cultural simulations, and virtual reality experiences.\n\nThe model's textures are PBR, Diffuse, NormalMap, and reflection/roughness/metallic, which are suitable for any modern rendering engine. 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Model is built to real-world scale\n\n- Previews rendered in 3ds Max 2014 using V-ray Adv 2.3. \n\nSpecial notes:\n\n- .obj format is recommended for import in other 3d software. If your software doesn't support .obj format, please use .3ds format; .obj, format was exported from 3ds Max. The geometry for .obj format is set to quads. \n- .max files can be loaded in 3ds Max 2012 or higher. 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With optimized topology and PBR materials, this staircase offers both **visual realism and performance efficiency,** whether used as a **single piece or as part of a larger modular stair system.**\n\n**Key Features**\n\n- **Optimized square staircase** for **simulation and real-time use**    \n- **Clean low-poly mesh** with accurate proportions and **smooth topology**\n- High-quality  **4K PBR textures** (Diffuse, Roughness, Normal)\n- **Ready to render** out-of-the-box with included lights and cameras\n- Native Blender setup – **no third-party plug-ins required** \n\n**Technical Details**\n\n- **Original Software:** Blender v4.2\n- **Objects Included:** 1 \n- **Polygons:** 617 (Subdivision OFF)\n- **Vertices:** 698\n- **Units:** Centimeters (H: 373, W: 596, L: 596)\n- **Renderer:** Blender Cycles \n- **Plug-ins:** None required\n\n**Textures \u0026 Materials**\n\n- Standard **PBR workflow**\n- **4K textures** (4096×4096 px): Diffuse, Roughness, Normal\n- All textures created from **original** photographs or drawings\n- **Ready to render** out-of-the-box – lighting and cameras used for previews are included  \n\n**Mesh \u0026 File Structure**\n\n- **Handcrafted mesh** with clean topology   \n- Export formats (non-native) provided as **base mesh (not smoothed)** for flexible subdivision control  \n\n**Additional Notes**\n\n- All preview renders created in **Blender Cycles** without compositing editors","imageAlt":"3D asset Square Staircase V1 - Modular Modern Interior","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/square-staircase-v1","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/xt7pfcar8voz71yu16o5s3rhwocl/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/SquareStairs01b.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/xt7pfcar8voz71yu16o5s3rhwocl/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/SquareStairs01b.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/square-staircase-v1","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6539837/53d89dd11f/square-staircase-v1-modular-modern-interior-stairs-3d-model-53d89dd11f.webp","saleOffDiscount":50,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":true,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2688446","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2688446,"title":"City District H21-R29 MAYA","price":279.3,"description":"_**This is full 3d city model modeled based on americans cities. 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This universal stair moduleadapts easily to various layouts or interior styles.\n\n**Key Features**\n\n- **Modern straight staircase** with minimalist design    \n- Clean topology and **optimized mesh for real-time performance** \n- High-quality  **4K PBR textures** (Diffuse, Roughness, Normal)\n- Ready to render out-of-the-box with included lights and cameras\n- Native Blender setup – **no third-party plug-ins required** \n\n**Technical Details**\n\n- **Original Software:** Blender v4.4\n- **Objects Included:** 1 \n- **Polygons:** 3,496 (Subdivision OFF)\n- **Vertices:** 3,604 \n- **Units:** Centimeters (H: 364, W: 405, L: 564)\n- **Renderer:** Blender Cycles\n- **Plug-ins:** None required\n\n**Textures \u0026 Materials**\n\n- Standard **PBR workflow**\n- **4K textures** (4096×4096 px): Diffuse, Roughness, Normal\n- All textures created from **original** photographs or drawings\n- **Ready to render** out-of-the-box – lighting and cameras used for previews are included  \n\n**Mesh \u0026 File Structure**\n\n- **Handcrafted mesh** with clean topology   \n- Export formats (non-native) provided as **base mesh (not smoothed)** for flexible subdivision control  \n\n**Additional Notes**\n\n- All preview renders created in **Blender Cycles** without compositing editors","imageAlt":"3D asset Straight Staircase V2 - 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