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UV-mapped Textures.\n\nMade in Blender 3.2\nTextures made in Substance Painter.\n\nIf you want to credit me as a modeler on a job you've done, my name is Francesco Proietti Mercuri.","imageAlt":"Hollow Clay Bricks 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/bricks-eb29f156-711d-4529-9182-4ce24d6a346d","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/zN7sJBqM2giPDJED7mBs1knZ/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/untitled4.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/zN7sJBqM2giPDJED7mBs1knZ/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/untitled4.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-part/bricks-eb29f156-711d-4529-9182-4ce24d6a346d","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-part","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Part","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3726503/caa35b6f5b/hollow-clay-bricks-3d-model-caa35b6f5b.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"2616307","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2616307,"title":"Brick 1 PBR Game Ready two bricks","price":10.0,"description":"Low Poly Brick with PBR Textures\n\nThere are 4 Brick LOD's:\n\n- LOD0: 3354 triangles\n- LOD1: 666 triangles\n- LOD2: 264 triangles\n- LOD3: 128 triangles\n\nTextures Included: Metalness workflow (Albedo, Metalness, Roughness, Normal)\n\nTextures: 4096x4096","imageAlt":"Brick 1 PBR Game Ready 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/brick-1-pbr-game-ready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/zzQ9uHbsYCpv7o369CpqRiM1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Brick008.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/zzQ9uHbsYCpv7o369CpqRiM1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Brick008.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/brick-1-pbr-game-ready","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2616307/d01aaa1ae8/brick-1-pbr-game-ready-two-bricks-3d-model-d01aaa1ae8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2690514","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2690514,"title":"Ancient Ruins Pack","price":19.97,"description":"21 Low Poly Models\n\nTopology: Tris\n\nAltar 1: Polygon count: 1994 Vertices count: 999\n\nAltar 2: Polygon count: 6992 Vertices count: 3498\n\nArchway: Polygon count: 7996 Vertices count: 3998\n\nBrick 1: Polygon count: 494 Vertices count: 249\n\nBrick 2: Polygon count: 594 Vertices count: 299\n\nColumn: Polygon count: 3994 Vertices count: 1999\n\nFloor 1: Polygon count: 2012 Vertices count: 998\n\nFloor 2: Polygon count: 2796 Vertices count: 1400\n\nPillar 1: Polygon count: 1994 Vertices count: 999\n\nPillar 2: Polygon count: 1276 Vertices count: 640\n\nPillar 3: Polygon count: 1994 Vertices count: 999\n\nPillar 4: Polygon count: 4994 Vertices count: 2499\n\nRock 1: Polygon count: 4994 Vertices count: 2499\n\nRock 2: Polygon count: 2944 Vertices count: 1474\n\nStairs: Polygon count: 2484  Vertices count: 1244\n\nWall 1: Polygon count: 1498 Vertices count: 749\n\nWall 2: Polygon count: 1998 Vertices count: 999\n\nWall 3: Polygon count: 2994 Vertices count: 1499\n\nWall 4: Polygon count: 3990 Vertices count: 1999\n\nWall 5: Polygon count: 3492 Vertices count: 1748\n\nWall 6: Polygon count: 3994 Vertices count: 1999\n\n\n\n\n\nTextures: Diffuse, Normal, Specular, Glossiness, Curvature, Height, Ambient Occlusion ( all in 4k resolution)\n\nUV mapped with non-overlapping\n\nAll files are zipped in one folder. Every model comes with  3 file formats obj, ma \u0026 fbx\n\nUseful for games, renders, background scenes and other graphical projects.\n\nPreview scene is possible combination of models in this pack.\n","imageAlt":"Ancient Ruins Pack 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/ancient-ruins-pack-10f53e00-29ff-4012-a7ec-8e79aae6de02","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7D6bN8BpSfytYahDHaBN7FaT/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/3.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7D6bN8BpSfytYahDHaBN7FaT/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/3.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/ancient-ruins-pack-10f53e00-29ff-4012-a7ec-8e79aae6de02","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2690514/d5fb059eec/ancient-ruins-pack-3d-model-d5fb059eec.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2025078","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2025078,"title":"Medieval Castle Keep Modular Kitbash Pack","price":49.99,"description":"**Modular Kitbash Pack Description**\n\n\nWould you like to model and render an entire medieval castle?\n\nNow, what if I told you I have a medieval modular pack to do just that on?\n\n\nThis Medieval Castle Keep Modular Kitbash Pack will see you creating a super varied group of interlinkable assets. \n \nThe biggest set of variations are available for roofs, castle towers, and related fixings.\n\nThere’s nothing like this modular pack available online. \n\nYour downloadable content will include 65 references of all kitbash items with real-world dimensions.\n \n\nWithin this Medieval Castle Keep Modular Kitbash Pack, you will find a series of exciting variations of castle walls, including walls with or without slits for bowmen (let's imagine there's an impending battle, right?!).\n \nAs part of building up your medieval castle keep using these modular props, you will discover walls textured using Tudor era wall materials; the iconic wood, wattle, and daub (i.e., wooden strips covered with clay). \n \nOther awesome props include hatch doors and windows, wooden walls, a hay roof, stone roofs, a moat bridge, and castle towers with round winding steps.\n \nYou will find a huge series of props and individual components for these towers, including extensions and decorative details.\n \n \nKitbash item variations will help you diversify your castle and make it unique from anyone else’s. With a touch of innovative thinking, which I know you all have, you will be able to create something that stands out. \n \nBe creative! Make your castles bigger and grander. Expand your castle keep land or beautify the upper level of the castle to make it stand out more and increase the social class divide with the other people living there.\n \nEngage in roleplay thinking as you build your castle and create something that breathes life!\n\n  \n\n\n\n**Texturing and Materials**\n \n \nThis Medieval Castle Keep Modular Kitbash Pack will include a massive resource pack of125 free texture maps that come with your download. These maps include alphas, albedo, AO, roughness, metallic, normal, height, and displacement.\n\nAmong them will be textures for seamless bricks that give the illusion of someone having lined up the bricks when applied to a model. This technique that I have used will improve how realistic your medieval castle wall design looks.\n \n\n\nNow, who wouldn’t like to learn how to model a castle, and take their creativity to the next level by scaling it up into an entire medieval city?\n \n \nLearn how to do it with just 65 pieces. Purchase this Medieval Castle Keep Modular Kitbash Pack now.\n\n**_No third-party plug-ins are required to use the files_**\n\nI am very passionate about this era and I took time to create these five windows to be as realistic as possible. I used many references from the medieval era and I think it shines through in this creation.\n\n**_Models are scaled to real world scale._**\n\n**Collection contains:**\n\n**Bridges \u0026 Supports**\nMoat Bridge - 2044 Polygons\nStone Bridge Support - 2320 Polygons\nWooden Bridge Support - 2676 Polygons\nWooden Bridge - 1140 Polygons\n\n**Castle Drawbridge**\nCastle Entrance Drawbridge Gate - 22088 Polygons\n\n**Castle Gate**\nCastle Gate - 5138 Polygons\n\n**Castle Steps**\nStone Large Stairs - 1896 Polygons\nStone Small Steps - 344 Polygons\nStone Small Steps Extention - 12 Polygons\n\n**Castle Walls**\nCastle Wall Block (L) - 1744 Polygons\nCastle Wall Block (S) - 228 Polygons\nCastle Wall Building Block Angle - 168 Polygons\nCastle Wall Building Block Straight - 96 Polygons\nCastle Wall Slit (B) - 588 Polygons\nCastle Wall Slit (S) - 324 Polygons\nGuard Tower - 4530 Polygons\nGuard Tower Extention - 12 Polygons\n\n**Chimney**\nChimney Brick - 760 Polygons\nChimney Brick Extention - 44 Polygons\n\n**Windows \u0026 Doors**\nWooden Door - 1172 Polygons\nWooden Door Stone Frame - 1928 Polygons\nWooden Door Wooden Frame - 1784 Polygons\nTrapdoor - 2904 Polygons\nWindow Wooden Square - 478 Polygons \nWindow Stone Square - 708 Polygons\n\n**Large Roofs**\nRoof Large Stone Double - 192 Polygons\nRoof Large Stone Single - 168 Polygons\nRoof Large Wood Double - 464 Polygons\nRoof Large Wood Single - 240 Polygons\n\n**Other Roofs**\nRoof Pyramid - 1762 Polygons\nRoof Conal - 6841 Polygons\nRoof Fantasy Corner - 2622 Polygons\n\n**Towers Round**\nLarge Round Tower - 1742 Polygons\nSmall Round Tower - 158 Polygons \nTower Round Extention - 1210 Polygons\nTower Round Top Blocks - 396 Polygons\nTower Round Top Stone - 880 Polygons\nTower Round Top Wood - 5264 Polygons\n\n**Towers Square**\nLarge Square Tower - 246 Polygons\nSmall Square Tower - 28 Polygons\nTower Square Top Blocks - 336 Polygons\nTower Square Top Small Extention - 64 Polygons\nTower Square Top Stone - 784 Polygons\nTower Square Top Wood - 3472 Polygons\n\n**Walls Planks**\nWall Plank X 4 Door - 1188 Polygons\nWall Plank X 3 Door - 1188 Polygons\nWall Plank x 4 - 136 Polygons\nWall Plank X 3 - 136 Polygons\nWall Plank X 2 - 136 Polygons\nWall Plank Half X 4 - 114 Polygons\nWall Plank Half X 3 - 114 Polygons\nWall Plank Half X 2 - 114 Polygons\nRoof Plank Hay X 4 - 6696 Polygons\nSmall Wooden Steps - 2384 Polygons\n\n**Walls White**\nWhite Wall Door Straight 4 - 1072 Polygons\nWhite Wall Door Plain 4 - 964 Polygons\nWhite Wall Door Plain 3 - 996 Polygons\nWhite Wall Plain 4 - 464 Polygons\nWhite Wall Plain 3 - 464 Polygons\nWhite Wall Plain 2 - 464 Polygons\nWhite Wall Round 4 - 604 Polygons\nWhite Wall Angle 4 - 604 Polygons\nWhite Wall Straight 4 - 744 Polygons\nWhite Wall Straight 3 - 604 Polygons\nWhite Wall Roof (B) - 402 Polygons\nWhite Wall Roof (S) - 637 Polygons\n\n\nTotal Polygons - 118916\nTotal Vertices - 63344\n\n**Pack does not contain.**\n\n**_Cameras, lights, HDRI or human reference.  All of these parts are easy to set up and I have not included them to allow you to create your own ambience and shots._**\n \nUntil next time, happy modelling everyone!\n\nNeil – 3D Tudor\n\nTo get in touch with me about any questions or support, please email: bettison.gamedesign@gmail.com\n\nAlso feel free to like 3D Tudor on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/3DTudor) as well as join my student community group to share renders of your projects from courses and tutorials: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1152218958467185","imageAlt":"3D model Medieval Castle Keep Modular Kitbash","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/medieval-castle-keep-modular-kitbash-pack","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/utg5HMeqEaDkhACWYNBAMEsd/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Castle%20Modular%20Kitbash%20Pack%20Glow%20gumroad%20main%20image.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/utg5HMeqEaDkhACWYNBAMEsd/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Castle%20Modular%20Kitbash%20Pack%20Glow%20gumroad%20main%20image.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/medieval-castle-keep-modular-kitbash-pack","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2025078/8a1a96469b/medieval-castle-keep-modular-kitbash-pack-3d-model-8a1a96469b.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"5649796","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5649796,"title":"8 Holes Brick","price":8.0,"description":"Transform Your Projects with These 3D Models, this low poly brick stack model combines simplicity with a touch of realism, ideal for games, animations and architectural visualizations.\nDeveloped to optimize graphics performance, ensuring that your projects run smoothly and efficiently, even on devices with limited resources, compatible with various platforms and 3D design software, simply drag and drop into your project and see the impressive results, perfect for urban environments, construction sites and any scenario that needs that rustic and authentic touch.\nReady to Use. Includes detailed textures and applied materials, ready to be used immediately.\n\n","imageAlt":"3D asset 8 Holes Brick","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/8holesbrick","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uovVU7EKy9ia43xWaqKbpMyb/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uovVU7EKy9ia43xWaqKbpMyb/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/8holesbrick","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5649796/c17f5828bd/8-holes-brick-3d-model-c17f5828bd.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"1895398","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":1895398,"title":"Modular Old Industrial Building Asset","price":39.0,"description":"A big collection of modules to make a thousand variants of industrial style building. The assets pack include 39 modules with 1st floor walls (doors, windows and plains), upper floors walls (windows and plains),  3 roofs types, 1 roof windows, angle walls, side walls, wooden  shelters and racks, wooden bracket (crane), metallic reinforcement, 2 chimneys. There are 11 materials for 39 objects, objects share similar materials and all have their own UVs. \n\nAlso, this asset includes 3 preconceived buildings. \n\nEasy to use, every parts are based on metric parameters. You need to move parts along X, Y or Z axes by incrementation of 1 m. For example, a wall part is 3 m large for 5 m heigh. \n\nThe 3D model is ready for game and low poly using. All materials are ready for PBR rendering.\n\nOriginally created with Blender 2.79b\n\nLow poly model\n\n**SPECIFICATIONS**\n\n- Objects : 39 \n- Polygons : 10832 \n- Subdivision ready : No \n- Render engine : Cycles render (Eevee ready)\n\n**TEXTURES**\n\n- Materials in scene : 11 \n- Textures sizes : 4K / 2K / 1K \n- Textures types : Diffuse, Metallic, Roughness, Normal (DirectX \u0026 OpenGL), Heigh and AO \n- Textures format : PNG\n\n**GENERAL**\n\n- Real scale : Yes\n- Scene objects are organized by groups\n\n**ADDITIONAL NOTES**\n\nFile formats do not include textures. All textures are in a specific folder named 'Textures'","imageAlt":"Modular Old Industrial Building Asset 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/modular-old-industrial-building-asset","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/R7H4deCMpKwcDNxbqJDinthk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/modular-old-industrial-building-asset-3d-model-low-poly-fbx-blend.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/R7H4deCMpKwcDNxbqJDinthk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/modular-old-industrial-building-asset-3d-model-low-poly-fbx-blend.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/modular-old-industrial-building-asset","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/1895398/d6a189ab9d/modular-old-industrial-building-asset-3d-model-d6a189ab9d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"4204724","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4204724,"title":"Medieval Cut Brick Wall","price":3.99,"description":"Medieval Cut Brick Wall - 3D Models- Files Include FBX and OBJ. Includes PBR Texture in 4096 x 4096. - Maps include : Basecolor, Normal, Roughness, Height and Metallic. All Preview renders were done Marmoset Toolbag 4. See each models link in the content section for marmoset viewers and wireframe renders. Scaled to real world scale. Customer Service Guaranteed. From the Creators at Get Dead Entertainment. Please like and Rate! Follow us on FaceBook and Instagram to keep updated on all our newest models. Model can be used for any purpose except resale or redistribution of the asset if not used in a game, commercial or media project.","imageAlt":"Medieval Cut Brick Wall 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/medieval-cut-brick-wall","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/45vMchUMDQxzZoZaaNRNBLki/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/45vMchUMDQxzZoZaaNRNBLki/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/medieval-cut-brick-wall","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4204724/d5e01f70ad/medieval-cut-brick-wall-3d-model-d5e01f70ad.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"4222497","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4222497,"title":"Broken Brick Walls batch01","price":30.0,"description":"Low-poly Broken Brick Walls (LP_BBW_batch_01)\n\nThe models made with all requirements for AAA games.\n\n- texel density: 6 on average.\n- textures resolution: 4096x4096..\n- shell padding: 8 px.\n- tile padding: 4px.\n\nIncludes models:\n- 6 broken brick walls , poly-count - 2654, 3712, 2988, 6234, 1618 and 5942 triangles .\n\nIncludes textures (4096x4096):\n\nUnreal Engine :\n- BC (Base Color)\n- N (Normal Map)\n- ORM (Occlusion, Roughness, Metallic)\n\nUnity Engine:\n- BM (Base Map)\n- N (Normal Map)\n- M (Mask)\n\nOther Engines (soft):\n- A (Albedo)\n- N (Normal Map)\n- R (Roughness)\n- M (Metallic)\n- AO (Ambient Occlusion)","imageAlt":"3D model Broken Brick Walls batch01","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/broken-brick-walls-batch01","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vpx9c7VgBW9ANeuVVnWzJ4ib/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/00.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vpx9c7VgBW9ANeuVVnWzJ4ib/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/00.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/broken-brick-walls-batch01","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4222497/68d3223e06/broken-brick-walls-batch01-3d-model-68d3223e06.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"5707330","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5707330,"title":"Brick 4","price":5.0,"description":"Add realism to your 3D projects with the \"Brick 4\" low poly PBR 3D model. Created using advanced AI technology and meticulously enhanced by hand, this model combines innovative techniques with artistic refinement. With 545 polygons and 547 vertices, it is optimized for performance without compromising detail. Featuring high-quality 2K PBR textures, including albedo, normal, ambient occlusion, and roughness maps, it delivers a lifelike appearance for your construction and industrial scenes.\n\nKey Features:\n    High-Quality Textures: 2K PBR textures for a detailed surface.\n    Optimized Geometry: 545 polygons and 547 vertices for smooth rendering.\n    Multiple Applications: Perfect for games, VR, and architectural projects.\n\nIdeal for industrial, urban, or construction-themed environments.","imageAlt":"3D model Brick 4","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/brick-4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/PRyfDKniW1p6LdYgsDEP1BFF/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Screenshot%202024-12-10%20173925.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/PRyfDKniW1p6LdYgsDEP1BFF/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Screenshot%202024-12-10%20173925.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/brick-4","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5707330/40adc7a35a/brick-4-3d-model-40adc7a35a.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7222809","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222809,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uxv6tjfok4tul7r81svll7tzkigo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-8398489f-88ad-4e8b-b9c5-557462106ad4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222809/6c7055536c/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-6c7055536c.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"2849393","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2849393,"title":"Stone path constructor 3 colours","price":14.99,"description":"This is high quality low-poly game asset for first-person games or third view. These stones and rocks can be used for modern, medieval or any other game scene. 2K, 4K and 8K textures/7 materials. Eleven unique meshes.\nLow poly - 13558 - all stones together\n\nFeatures:\n- High quality game asset\n- Unique view from every side\n- 3 colours\n- Real World Scale Measurements (can be scaled for your purposes)\n- 2K/4K/8K textures\n- Textures created by 3d and traditional artists\n- Every asset have a unique personal touch to the prop design\n- Carefully selected bright colors for the best composition.\n\nTextures for all modern engines. 8K (8192x8192) , 4K (4096x4096) or 2K(2048x2048) .png and .jpg textures:\n- Unreal Engine 4 ( BaseColor/AO_R_M/Normal)\n- Unity URP (Metallic standard)(AlbedoTransparency/MetallicSmoothness/Normal) \n- Unity HDRP (Metallic standard)(BaseMap/MaskMap/Normal)\n- Cry Engine (DiffuseOpacity/Specular/NormalGlossiness)\n- PBR MetalRoughSpecGloss (BaseColorOpacity/DiffuseOpacity/Roughness/Glossiness/Metallic/ Specular/Normal/Height/AO/Emissive)\n\n\nMade with love","imageAlt":"3D asset Stone path constructor 3 colours","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/stones-rock-set-02-eleven-high-detailed-pieces-3-colours","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6WCXmfUDVb9kAEb4WY9FqbkC/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/screenshot026.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6WCXmfUDVb9kAEb4WY9FqbkC/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/screenshot026.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landscape/stones-rock-set-02-eleven-high-detailed-pieces-3-colours","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"landscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Landscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2849393/34136bbabc/stone-path-constructor-3-colours-3d-model-34136bbabc.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"662919","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":662919,"title":"Chicago brick building 2","price":66.06,"description":"Professional, highly detailed 3d model for architectural visualizations, backgrounds and games!\n\nThat low-poly model ready to games! \n\n Drop your model into the scene and start rendering\n Realistic and correctly scaled (Real world)\n Texture UV efficiency \n Textures resolutions - 4096x4096\n All elements (models, textures, maps etc) have a logical names.\n All the intricate details in baked normal maps\n-------------------------------\nFormats in archive:\n\n- FBX2006\n- FBX2010\n- MAX2011\n- MAX2014\n- OBJ\n- FBX\n- 3DS\n-------------------------------\n- PBR textures\n- Model created with 3ds Max 2014.\n- Native Max file setup with V-Ray renderer and V-Ray materials. \n- Preview rendering made with V-Ray and Hdr lighing. \n- The lighting scene is not included with the model.","imageAlt":"Chicago brick building 2 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/chicago-brick-building-2","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sB9QipEQdhU7WZWaXkkDLrKq/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/chicago-brick-building-2-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sB9QipEQdhU7WZWaXkkDLrKq/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/chicago-brick-building-2-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/chicago-brick-building-2","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/662919/3daff218bd/chicago-brick-building-2-3d-model-3daff218bd.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7222882","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222882,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a741e3d6-1536-4ebe-a252-7099925773fa","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6z8yzf0nwquxkr29pwa2y4m00fjz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6z8yzf0nwquxkr29pwa2y4m00fjz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a741e3d6-1536-4ebe-a252-7099925773fa","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222882/0c97764b19/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0c97764b19.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6494038","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6494038,"title":"Destroyed Brick Wall Debris Pack - 20 Assets PBR Game Ready","price":28.0,"description":"This pack includes **20 high-quality broken brick assets** designed for post-apocalyptic, abandoned, or destruction scenes. You’ll find wall fragments, rubble piles, and scattered bricks that can be freely combined to create unique ruined environments.\n\n**Features** 20 assets: wall fragments, brick piles, scattered debris. Optimized topology: ~2–5k tris per asset, ~48k total. Single material setup: all assets share one PBR material with 4 texture maps (BaseColor, Normal, Roughness, Metallic packed in a separate archive). Clean UVs: non-overlapping. PBR textures (PNG, 4K). File formats: .blend, .fbx, .glb, .obj + .mtl. Engine ready: works with Unreal Engine, Unity, and any PBR-compatible renderer.\n\nUsage Perfect for game environments, cinematics, and kitbashing destruction scenes. Assets can be used individually or combined to build large ruined structures.","imageAlt":"3D model Destroyed Brick Wall Debris Pack - 20 Assets 2","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/broken-brick-rubble-pack-20-assets-pbr-game-ready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vh0vxvboxgia5sbdyp86feri0fl9/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Brick_ruins_1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vh0vxvboxgia5sbdyp86feri0fl9/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Brick_ruins_1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/broken-brick-rubble-pack-20-assets-pbr-game-ready","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6494038/1d19f97b8a/destroyed-brick-wall-debris-pack-20-assets-pbr-game-ready-3d-model-1d19f97b8a.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"3176329","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3176329,"title":"Modular English Housing","price":49.99,"description":"A collection of English contemporary style modular pieces and buildings. This collection includes over 260 unique modular pieces such as: walls, windows, roofs, doors, floors, fences ,railings and pillars that can be used to create endless variations of contemporary English buildings. The collection also includes 12 buildings that were made using the modular pieces and merged together to create a single mesh.\n\nAvailable in: **Unreal Engine, Unity, Blend, FBX, OBJ**\n\nThis collection makes use of Trim sheets, meaning the entire package is rendered off of a single texture set and material. There are five different material variations available. Modular pieces snap easily and seamlessly to a grid.\n\nTextures are in 4096x4096 resolution and include:\n\n- Diffuse/Base colour(D)\n- Normal map(N)\n- Roughness(R)\n- Metallic (M)\n\nFor any help or inquiries please message me directly on my email: howardcoates3dart@gmail.com\n\nTechnical details below:\n\nFeatures:\n\n-  Includes over 260 unique modular pieces\n-  Includes 12 ready-made buildings\n- 5 material variations\n- Greatly optimized trim sheet UVs\n\nTechnical Details\n\n- Number of Unique Meshes: 280\n- Collision: Yes, automatically generated\n- Vertex Count: 4 - 186884\n- LODs: No\n- Number of Materials and Material Instances: 5\n- Number of Textures: 20\n- Texture Resolutions: 4096x4096\n- UVs:\n\n1. -UVs Channel 0: Overlapping trim sheet UVs\n2. -UVs Channel 1: Non overlapping custom lightmap UVs\n","imageAlt":"Modular English Housing 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/modular-english-housing","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/YGNZNHJuj33Apg5htutAfVQ5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/MEH_Thumbnail.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/YGNZNHJuj33Apg5htutAfVQ5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/MEH_Thumbnail.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/modular-english-housing","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false},{"id":83,"name":".unitypackage","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3176329/4db9ffc14a/modular-english-housing-3d-model-4db9ffc14a.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7222845","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222845,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7222845","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-0442b23b-8aa2-494b-bbca-12a219e5b86e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/rsvwa0li9v18yz47mlr539n5x4sv/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/rsvwa0li9v18yz47mlr539n5x4sv/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-0442b23b-8aa2-494b-bbca-12a219e5b86e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222845/c24a71623b/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-c24a71623b.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"5238770","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5238770,"title":"URBAN CITY SCENE WITH ALL THE ASSET","price":60.0,"description":"Urban city environment in Unreal Engine 5 and Blender. very highly detailed scene and model. available in two lighting condition : DAY and NIGHT.everything is already set up and can be used instantly. This scene include 11 BUILDING-and 44 PROPS. including vegetation, roads, etc. can be used for games or 3d render. 4k texture and pbr maps. all poly quad.\n\nAll the models can be used separately and have individual folder.","imageAlt":"realtime URBAN CITY SCENE WITH ALL THE ASSET","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-asset","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/umbQRMdH76awQj5T4wUcoPcP/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-asset-3d-model-0ea7e704b1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/umbQRMdH76awQj5T4wUcoPcP/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-asset-3d-model-0ea7e704b1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-asset","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5238770/0ea7e704b1/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-asset-3d-model-0ea7e704b1.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"3076830","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3076830,"title":"Spanish Castle Butron","price":20.0,"description":"**About building:**\n\nButrón Castle is one of the most beautiful and picturesque castles that have survived to this day.  This Spanish castle was founded around the XI century by the Butron family. For over three hundred years, from the 16th century onwards, the castle was the scene of non-stop and bloody fights between two sides of Bizkaia's nobility. The lords of Butrón, sheltered in the castle, exerted their power in that area. But Butrón has not always been a castle. In the middle of the 13th century it was a tower-house and the Fifth Lord of Butrón transformed it into a castle in the 14th century.\n\n**About model:**\n- An exterior of Castle Butron\n- Created and inspected in Blender 2.91\n- 4k textures\n- All materials, textures and objects are named properly\n- Fully textured and unwrapped\n- No 3rd party plugins needed\n- Lights and camera set","imageAlt":"3D model Spanish Castle Butron","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landmark/spanish-castle-butron-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/MnVncDAkrTWUQMVk1RzWGgkf/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/butron_1-standard-scale-4_00x-gigapixel_photoshop.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/MnVncDAkrTWUQMVk1RzWGgkf/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/butron_1-standard-scale-4_00x-gigapixel_photoshop.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/landmark/spanish-castle-butron-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"landmark","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Landmark","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3076830/b3fe4510d2/spanish-castle-butron-3d-model-b3fe4510d2.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"914197","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":914197,"title":"Micromax Canvas Spark Q380","price":14.0,"description":"\n•\tLet me present to you high-quality low-poly 3D model Micromax Canvas Spark Q380. This model can be used in various fields 3D Graphics such as game development, advertising, interior design, motion picture art, visualization, etc... Modeling was made with ortho-photos of real phone that is why all details of design are recreated most authentically.\n\n        •    Ease of use consists of one mesh, it is low-polygonal and it has only one material.\n\n•\tThe well topology of low-poly model with combination of detailed textures allows to get the best quality with a minimum number of polygons, which can be enough even for closeup.\n\n•\tTo increase advanced realism these textures are used - Specular, Glossiness, Bump and Emission for the luminous elements of the model (For example, screens, indicators, etc.). If you use V-Ray renderer and V-Ray MTL materials set “BRDF Type” as “Phong” for correct glossiness effect. For correct reflecting effect you need to set “Use Fresnel” and “Fresnel IOR” is 5. For the best Bump depth we set “Bump Multiplier” is 0.1 - 0.2.\n\n•\tThe total of the main textures is 5. Resolution of all textures is 4096 pixels square aspect ratio in .png format. Also there is original texture file .PSD format in separate archive.\n\n•\tThe model was created in the Maya 2009 3D program. \n\n•\tThe model has correct dimensions in real-world scale in centimeters. All parts grouped and named correctly.\n\n•\tAlso, there is a prepared render-scene created in the Maya 2014 with renderer plug-in V-Ray 2.40. This scene opens correctly in earlier versions up to the Maya 2012 with V-Ray 2.0 because it is saved in the .ma format. Render-scene includes 6 V-Ray Rect Light + reflectors. The V-Ray MTL materials are assigned to model. On Timeline was set animation keys for model and Render Camera position relevant Preview Images. If you don’t need these positions don’t forget to delete animation keys from translation and rotation channels.\n\n•\tTo use the model in other 3D programs there are scenes saved in formats .fbx, .obj, .DAE, .max(2010 version).\n\nNote: This is the Low-Poly model and it is not designed for the use of any smoothing modifiers. \n\n","imageAlt":"3D model Micromax Canvas Spark Q380","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/electronics/phone/micromax-canvas-spark-q380","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uVvaAGuSytCF2YvbVFs8h3JU/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/micromax-canvas-spark-q380-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-fbx-ma-mb-dae-mtl.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/uVvaAGuSytCF2YvbVFs8h3JU/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/micromax-canvas-spark-q380-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-fbx-ma-mb-dae-mtl.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/electronics/phone/micromax-canvas-spark-q380","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"electronics","subcategorySlug":"phone","categoryTitle":"Electronics","subcategoryTitle":"Phone","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/914197/8a94df1a37/micromax-canvas-spark-q380-3d-model-8a94df1a37.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"4172905","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4172905,"title":"Modular Brick Stone Wall Ruin Set","price":29.0,"description":"A modular set which allows you to add quicky photorealistic ruins to your scene with prebuild buildings or to create your own with smaller modular pieces.\n\nWorks well for old medieval/roman ruins scenes.\n\nContains two 8K materials each containing:\n\n   -  Albedo\n   - Roughness\n   - Normal\n   - Displacement\n\n\nOriginal location of the ruins:\nThe ruins where scanned in Spain, north of Cordoba.\n\n*The vegetation models in the preview renders are not included in the pack\n\nPlease let me know if something is not working as it should.","imageAlt":"Modular Brick Stone Wall Ruin Set 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/modular-brick-stone-wall-ruin-set","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/8NeMJ4Dzr6ierCTHDrLpdpRo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/thumbnailCG.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/8NeMJ4Dzr6ierCTHDrLpdpRo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/thumbnailCG.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/modular-brick-stone-wall-ruin-set","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"scanned","subcategorySlug":"various","categoryTitle":"Scanned 3D Models","subcategoryTitle":"Various","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4172905/b86b499c9d/modular-brick-stone-wall-ruin-set-3d-model-b86b499c9d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7222958","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222958,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-118f19d7-f21e-4d47-98c0-ac3a9bed33ab","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/2a4czcpmyh687i8oiw1npclufz85/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/2a4czcpmyh687i8oiw1npclufz85/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-118f19d7-f21e-4d47-98c0-ac3a9bed33ab","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222958/e16456f0fd/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-e16456f0fd.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7216698","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216698,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/tcgguphxwcc1sujg1af5bnpjg3sk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-396b61b9-a6a5-4a92-98d8-f4ec1fb0dd7e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216698/9d549abd3d/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-9d549abd3d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"650723","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":650723,"title":"New York corner building","price":69.82,"description":"Professional, highly detailed 3d model for architectural visualizations, backgrounds and games!\n\nThat low-poly model ready to games! \n\n• Drop your model into the scene and start rendering\n• Realistic and correctly scaled (Real world)\n• Texture UV efficiency \n• Textures resolutions - 4096x4096\n• All elements (models, textures, maps etc) have a logical names.\n• All the intricate details in baked normal maps\n• The model uses PBR textures, so easily adjusted in any program\n-------------------------------\nFormats in archive:\n\n- FBX2006\n- FBX2011\n- MAX2011\n- MAX2014\n- OBJ\n- FBX\n- 3DS\n-------------------------------\n\n- Model created with 3ds Max 2014.\n- Native Max file setup with V-Ray renderer and V-Ray materials. \n- Preview rendering made with V-Ray and Hdr lighing. \n- The lighting scene is not included with the model.","imageAlt":"3D model New York corner building","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/new-york-corner-building","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/SjWmoqUKhgFPnAVKtwXhT1mt/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/new-york-corner-building-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/SjWmoqUKhgFPnAVKtwXhT1mt/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/new-york-corner-building-3d-model-low-poly-max-obj-3ds-fbx.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/new-york-corner-building","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/650723/3dd6cfae3d/new-york-corner-building-3d-model-3dd6cfae3d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7223292","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223292,"title":" Coal mine extraction tower 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision me","imageAlt":"Coal mine extraction tower 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7gpojifymkvgapq4jug29kzye699/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7gpojifymkvgapq4jug29kzye699/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223292/6166b93414/coal-mine-extraction-tower-3d-model-3d-model-6166b93414.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7223207","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223207,"title":" oil rig 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. 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 Albedo\n   - Roughness\n   - Normal\n   - Displacement\n  - Ambient Occlusion\n\n\nOriginal location of the ruins:\n\nThe ruins where scanned in Spain, north of Cordoba\n\n*The vegetation models in the preview renders are not included in the pack\n\nPlease let me know if something is not working as it should.","imageAlt":"3D model Brick Stone House Ruins Set PBR Scan","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/brick-stone-house-ruins-set-pbr-scan","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/wSAfCaSL7vofiM7GN3DiKRts/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/thumbnailCG.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/wSAfCaSL7vofiM7GN3DiKRts/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/thumbnailCG.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/brick-stone-house-ruins-set-pbr-scan","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"scanned","subcategorySlug":"various","categoryTitle":"Scanned 3D Models","subcategoryTitle":"Various","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4172797/03ff91d901/brick-stone-house-ruins-set-pbr-scan-3d-model-03ff91d901.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7223243","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223243,"title":"Coal Loader 3D Model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-loader-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qzrznw9kup51y4bqdzv9w6p7580w/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qzrznw9kup51y4bqdzv9w6p7580w/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/coal-loader-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223243/2309d300ab/coal-loader-3d-model-3d-model-2309d300ab.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"3927458","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3927458,"title":"NYC Tall Skyscrapers v4","price":59.0,"description":"**NYC Tall Skyscrapers v4**  | 3d models produced by 3Dz-\n\n**Poly count**\n- All buildings : 505 984 P, 566 091 V.\n- You find the poly count for each model in the previews images\n\n**Note that :**\n- All objects and textures you see in the preview images are included.\n- All objects are uv mapped. \n- All objects and textures are well named.\n\n**AVAILABLE FILE FORMATS**\n- Blender (.blend).\n- OBJ (.obj, .mtl).\n- FBX (.fbx).\n\n**AVAILABLE TEXTURES**\n- PBR textures (1k) : Color, Normal, Roughness, Displacement, Metalness ...\n\n**ABOUT THE IMAGERY** : Previews rendered in Blender using Cycles. Please note that the studio and lights and environment settings are not included.\n\n**SUPPORT** : If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact us.\n\nThank you for purchasing 3Dz- models!","imageAlt":"NYC Tall Skyscrapers v4 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/skyscraper/nyc-tall-skyscrapers-v4","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/T47Fb5HPRWzzrCoG6NnWNZij/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/T47Fb5HPRWzzrCoG6NnWNZij/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/skyscraper/nyc-tall-skyscrapers-v4","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"skyscraper","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Skyscraper","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3927458/812725002e/nyc-tall-skyscrapers-v4-3d-model-812725002e.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"5238581","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5238581,"title":"URBAN CITY SCENE WITH ALL THE ASSETS","price":60.0,"description":"Urban city environment in Unreal Engine 5 and Blender. very highly detailed scene and model. available in two lighting condition : DAY and NIGHT.everything is already set up and can be used instantly. This scene include 11 BUILDING-and 44 PROPS. including vegetation, roads, etc.\ncan be used for games or 3d render.\n4k texture and pbr maps.\nall poly quad.\n","imageAlt":"realtime URBAN CITY SCENE WITH ALL THE ASSETS","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-assets","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/P46b4By4tQN1JvPA8Edj71Hk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/SCENE0027.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/P46b4By4tQN1JvPA8Edj71Hk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/SCENE0027.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-assets","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5238581/37d6808390/urban-city-scene-with-all-the-assets-3d-model-37d6808390.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"4497427","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4497427,"title":"BRICK FACTORY SCHOOL PRISON BUILDING CITY TOWN COLLECTION","price":39.98,"description":"**WHAT YOU GET:**\n\n- Next gen, **AAA quality**, game-ready collection of big factory buildings.\n- Comes with **2 LODs** (midpoly and lowpoly) perfect for game optimization and rendering.\n- Extremely **easy to set up**. Every mesh and texture is named correctly and placed in precisely sorted folders.\n- We use ONLY **seamless and tileable textures** so you can easily apply your own texture to get **your own design** and looks.\n- **No hidden mess** inside the mesh. Every part is neat and polished.\n- **Clean wireframe**.\n- **FBX + OBJ** formats inluded.\n\n\nFollow us for free models and sales:\n\n_https://www.facebook.com/Enterables_\n\nVisit our page:\n\n_http://www.enterables.com/_\n\nThank you! It means a lot to us.","imageAlt":"3D model BRICK FACTORY SCHOOL PRISON BUILDING CITY TOWN","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/brick-factory-school-prison-building-city-town-collection","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pABY5hYTKqDwPaTeMK1KgKFw/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0jpg1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pABY5hYTKqDwPaTeMK1KgKFw/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0jpg1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/brick-factory-school-prison-building-city-town-collection","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4497427/796134d3d5/brick-factory-school-prison-building-city-town-collection-3d-model-796134d3d5.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7222736","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7222736,"title":" old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a3366b4b-a92e-4bfe-ae28-103abcf830df","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1k34hslwx04zwn45k8z9tvw5rqm/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/z1k34hslwx04zwn45k8z9tvw5rqm/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-a3366b4b-a92e-4bfe-ae28-103abcf830df","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7222736/f1a5dc2d95/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-f1a5dc2d95.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6817018","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6817018,"title":"Concrete Brick Pack B","price":12.0,"description":"Concrete Brick Pack B ( Collection ) – Low Poly, Game Ready Asset.\n\nBring life to your scenes with this stylized yet realistic model, optimized for games, VR/AR experiences, and architectural visualization.\n\nModel Specifications:\n\nPolygon Count: 1,160 Faces / 1,156 Vertices (no subdivision).\n\nObjects in Scene: 5\n\nUVs: Clean, non-overlapping.\n\nTextures: 4K (4096x4096), including:\n\nBase Color (Albedo). / Metallic. / Roughness. / Normal. / Height.\n\nSoftware Used:\n\nModeled in Blender ( version 3.3.20 ).\n\nTextured in Substance Painter.\n\nRendered with Cycles.\n\nIncluded File Formats: .blend (native) / .fbx / .obj / .stl / .glb / .dae /\n\nAll textures neatly organized in a TEXTURES folder for easy access.\n\nKey Features:\n\nGame-ready, low poly model – optimized for real-time rendering.\n\nHigh-quality PBR textures with realistic details.\n\nPerfect topology for both close-up renders and efficient scene performance.\n\nEasy to customize colors and materials.\n\nWell-named objects and materials for quick scene setup.\n\nUsage Recommendations: Ideal for:\n\nGame environments. / Animation scenes. / VR/AR apps.\n\nStylized or realistic architectural projects.\n\nNote: This model is not pre-optimized for 3D printing, but can be adjusted if needed.\n\nDon’t forget to check out my profile for more game-ready assets. Your support helps me create more high-quality models — thank you!","imageAlt":"Concrete Brick Pack B 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/concrete-brick-pack-b","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/hic0psls903hj1pla9z0e5cojpvr/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1_untitled_01.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/hic0psls903hj1pla9z0e5cojpvr/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1_untitled_01.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/concrete-brick-pack-b","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6817018/149b535fdd/concrete-brick-pack-b-3d-model-149b535fdd.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"3231120","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3231120,"title":"Classic villa 2021 Blender Eevee and Cycles 1","price":44.99,"description":"**NOTE** (as of 2023) To make this model more accessible for all: All licensed textures have been replaced by copyright-free (cc0) textures.\n\nThis project is developed in blender 2.93.0\n\nThis download contains a complete furnished villa with garden. everything is textured and the lighting is completely baked for fast Eevee renders (day and night version). This model can be used for commercial purposes and works with realtime game engines.\n\n\n**Short description**\n\nThis is a classic villa with a modern furnished interior for Blender Eevee and cycles. \nEverything in the scene is originally designed and modeled.\n\n\n**Day and night version**\n\nThere are 2 blend files available with both a fully baked day and night version of this villa, Both versions can be set to cycles. \n\n\n**Animated**\n\nAll doors and window covers are animated by keyframes.\nThese keyframes can be moved to suit your animation or static renders.\nThe doors are parented to the floor of the house, so when moving and rotating the structure, the doors will keep opening like they should.\n\nThe animations are not exported into other file formats.\n\n\n**Performance (Eevee)**\n\nThe scene is optimized to get as much performance and as little memory usage as possible. I would still recommend a system with at least 8gb RAM and 6gb GPU memory. (although the rendered Eevee viewport uses less than 4gb RAM and GPU memory)\nIf your GPU doesn’t have enough memory, you can always choose to render with cycles on your CPU.\n\n\n**Cycles**\n\nAll cycles settings are already set up (samples, bounces, denoiser) the only thing manually adjusted is the different camera exposure for every room\nWhen rendering with Cycles, Try to only turn on the lights of the spaces that are actually visible on the renders. Especially the sunlight’s quality will be much more noisy when many lights are turned on.\n\n\n**Eevee**\n\nThis scene is designed and optimized around Eevee. all the lighting and reflections are baked in by using a irradiance volume and reflection cubes. This engine is perfect to make animations that are rendered quick. Every new asset added to this scene will automatically adopt the lighting and reflections. \n\n\n**Scene setup**\n\nObjects are named and grouped into categories, so they can be easily hidden/unhidden\nAll objects are easily movable, and objects like doors have the pivot point on the hinges.\n\n\n**Procedural art**\n\nThis house contains a few canvasses with modern art. This is procedurally generated art with Blenders default nodes. When this object is being copied, it automatically generates new artworks. So it is possible to replace an existing piece with something newly generated.\n\n\n**Other engines/software**\n\nIt’s possible to use this in other (game)engines as well but for optimization reasons some materials use the same colormap but with a HUE node connected to them. So for other software, some textures need to be replaced or it's HUE edited in the game engine or photo editing software.\n\nSome materials like the pool water and canvas arts are procedurally generated and need to be replaced by alternative sources your preferred software.\n\n\n**Use cases:**\n\n(commercial/monetized) Examples for this scene can be used for: Game / Environment design, VR, AR and other realtime apps. Research, Interior and exterior renders, Greenscreen, Animation, advertisement, Education, presentations, Design study, Film scene\n\nFeel free to use the assets in and around this house for projects as well.\n\n\n**Polycount (whole scene excluding car)**\n\n•\tObjects: 2078\n\n•\tVertices: 1,357,809\n\n•\tEdges: 2,640,359\n\n•\tFaces: 1,304,136\n\n•\tTriangles: 2,621,702\n\n\n**Native file**\n\n•\tBLEND (native)\n\n\n**Exports:**\n\nAll file exports are exported using blenders default settings. (grass, car, canvas arts and pool water not exported)\n\n•\tFBX\n\n•\tOBJ\n\n•\tDAE\n\n•\tGLB\n\n•\tSTL\n\n•\tABC\n\n•\tPLY\n\n•\tUSDC\n\n•\tX3D\n\n","imageAlt":"Classic villa 2021 Blender Eevee and Cycles 1 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/house-interior/classic-villa-2021-blender-eevee-and-cycles-1","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/zhXfMu9EpDYEa4cQ6T5oQqNv/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Thumbnail.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/zhXfMu9EpDYEa4cQ6T5oQqNv/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Thumbnail.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/interior/house-interior/classic-villa-2021-blender-eevee-and-cycles-1","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":true,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":104,"name":".abc","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":189,"name":".ply","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"interior","subcategorySlug":"house-interior","categoryTitle":"Interior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3231120/220969c58f/classic-villa-2021-blender-eevee-and-cycles-1-3d-model-220969c58f.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"4497374","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4497374,"title":"BRICK BUILDING APARTMENT TENEMENT HOUSE CITY TOWN COLLECTION","price":49.98,"description":"**WHAT YOU GET:**\n\n- Next gen, **AAA quality**, game-ready collection of big brick buildings.\n- Comes with **2 LODs** (midpoly and lowpoly) perfect for game optimization and rendering.\n- Extremely **easy to set up**. Every mesh and texture is named correctly and placed in precisely sorted folders.\n- We use ONLY **seamless and tileable textures** so you can easily apply your own texture to get **your own design** and looks.\n- **No hidden mess** inside the mesh. Every part is neat and polished.\n- **Clean wireframe**.\n- **FBX + OBJ** formats inluded.\n\n\nFollow us for free models and sales:\n\n_https://www.facebook.com/Enterables_\n\nVisit our page:\n\n_http://www.enterables.com/_\n\nThank you! It means a lot to us.","imageAlt":"3D model BRICK BUILDING APARTMENT TENEMENT HOUSE CITY TOWN","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/brick-building-apartment-tenement-house-city-town-collection","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5scBz7vULd2DipipkB626vzV/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/jpg.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5scBz7vULd2DipipkB626vzV/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/jpg.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/brick-building-apartment-tenement-house-city-town-collection","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4497374/766940372c/brick-building-apartment-tenement-house-city-town-collection-3d-model-766940372c.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7218722","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7218722,"title":" old steel factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"he Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-steel-factory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7pirl1pqipqnb281j949mrasd2yh/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7pirl1pqipqnb281j949mrasd2yh/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-steel-factory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7218722/81a79d91ed/old-steel-factory-3d-model-3d-model-81a79d91ed.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"3743249","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3743249,"title":"3D Scan Old Bricks Pack - Props","price":6.24,"description":"The pack includes 4 realistic models. You can use that in game development as active elements, or you can use that as icons. This pack is perfect for any games. 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You can save a lot by buying the PACK that I have prepared on my page along with the demo file as in the video. 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There is a .txt file explaining how to apply the textures avaliable\n\nAvaliable formats: .blend, .fbx and .obj (obj includes a .mtl material file)\n\nReal world scale\n\nUnwrapped non-overlapping UVs\n\nEach pile has an individual file, and there is a file with all the bricks, planks, concret blocks and roof tiles used (last 4 images, except by the one with the names)\n\nMade in Blender 2.83 (Rendered with Cycles)\n\n\nPolycount:\n\nPile 1:    1612 Verts/1532 Faces\n\nPile 2:    962 Verts/905 Faces\n\nPile 3:    134 Verts/119 Faces\n\nPile 4:    220 Verts/194 Faces\n\nPile 5:    1329 Verts/1294 Faces\n\nPile 6:    271 Verts/255 Faces\n\nPile 7:    470 Verts/455 Faces\n\nPile 8:    942 Verts/904 Faces\n\nPile 9:    2070 Verts/2004 Faces\n\nPile 10:    244 Verts/229 Faces\n\nPile 11:    423 Verts/407 Faces\n\n\n\nSee high quality images of my models at my behance profile: https://www.behance.net/matheusnascime23\n\n\nAny question/problem, you can contact me: mkennedy@outlook.com.br\n\nIf you like it, please leave a like and a comment! 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Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model 7216447","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/9.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kkwkcfm3jppz92yoquxn6xmw6noi/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/9.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-baf0d7fc-a586-4b5e-8a5a-a4db033b8aea","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216447/89e64c2220/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-89e64c2220.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"4133465","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4133465,"title":"Trash Kit - 3D AssetKit","price":29.0,"description":"**Trash Kit - 3D AssetKit**\n\n\nRealistic trash needs variety. With this AssetKit package over 700 single assets are at your disposal to get just that - Photorealistic Trash, Garbage, Rubble, you name it.\n\nThe assets are usable in any 3D Package and are as optimized as possible while preserving managable polygon count and shape. You are free to use them in your 3D scenes, VFX and Games, change them to your liking or kitbash and scatter them in every way that comes to your mind.\n\nYou are free to pick from 18 different categories from tiny cigarettes and dry grass to large props containing multiple sub-assets. Each category contains between 8 and 61 props so you have enough material even when filling up vast spaces. \n\nManual set dressing offers the most control and is fun with these assets. However nobody wants to scatter everything by hand, therefore Trash Biomes are available for the Blender Addon GeoScatter, which is amazing for professional scatterers. If you want to scatter with Blender On-Board-Tools - no problem, I got you covered too. There is a Geometry NodesSetup included that might be helpful for you. Find the GeoNodes tutorial at the end of the asset video.\n\nEverything is ready to render with Blender Cycles and EEVEE. Of course you can use it with any renderer you prefer. The urban environment example scene from the video will be included in case you want to try out the assets there.\n\nAs you can see in the wireframe renders the assets are fairly low poly for the level of detail. For import in Game Engines I have included seperate files with the meshes triangulated and located in the origin. (“*_TriangulatedAtOrigin”, FBX Pack)\n\nAll textures are PBR based and HighRes. You will also find two HDR environments used in the previs renderings included. Textures are in PBR Metal/Roughness workflow.\n\nPlease have a look at the renderings and see if assets and wireframe suit your needs.\n\n\n\n**Blender GeoScatter Addon - Biomes Available**\n\nThe Kit has preset Biomes for the amazing Blender addon GeoScatter. Add the \"TrashKit.blend\" to your Blender Asset Libraries in the Preferences. Now from GeoScatter you can install the included .scatpack file like any other ScatPack.\n\n\n**-Content-**\n\n**Scenes:**\n-     TrashKit ( 715 Assets )\n-     TrashKit_TriangulatedAtOrigin ( for instance based workflow or Game Engines)\n\n**Meshes:**\n-     Base_Trash_Assets (61 Variations)\n-     Grass_Assets (16 Variations)\n-     Rubble_Assets (31 Variations)\n-     Cans (Beverage and Food) (65 Variations)\n-     Cans_Paint_Assets (48 Variations)\n-     Bottles_Assets (43 Variations)\n-     Generic_Trash_Assets (83 Variations)\n-     Wood_Splinter_Assets (34 Variations)\n-     Buckets_Assets (32 Variations)\n-     Bags_Assets (32 Variations)\n-     Boxes_Assets (74 Variations)\n-     Smokables_Assets (40 Variations)\n-     Barrels_Assets (38 Variations)\n-     Tires_Assets (10 Variations)\n-     Prefabs_Medium_Assets (53 Variations)\n-     Prefabs_Large_Assets (9 Variations)\n-     Prefabs_SmallTrash_Assets (6 Variations)\n-     Additional_Assets (42 Variations)\n\n**Textures:**\n-     BaseColor / Albedo\n-     Normal GL\n-     Normal DX\n-     Roughness - PBR Metal/Roughness Workflow\n-     Metallic - wherever necessary\n-     Masks for Opacity\n\n**Textures additional:**\n\n-     Example scene textures\n-     HDR Environment - 2 Variants\n\n**Blender Utility:**\n\n-     Geometry Nodes Setup “TrashKit_GeoNodes”. A Tutorial you will find in the Trashkit Video\n\n\nEnjoy rendering!\n\n","imageAlt":"VR / AR ready Trash Kit - 3D AssetKit","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/trashkit-3d-assetkit","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/BAHg92eWqthCe1wd4ozztNAu/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Garbage_CGT.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/BAHg92eWqthCe1wd4ozztNAu/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Garbage_CGT.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/various/various-models/trashkit-3d-assetkit","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"various","subcategorySlug":"various-models","categoryTitle":"Various","subcategoryTitle":"Various models","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4133465/cd2fa9b34e/trash-kit-3d-assetkit-3d-model-cd2fa9b34e.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2879497","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2879497,"title":"Scrabo Tower","price":19.0,"description":"Low poly model of a Scrabo Tower, it is PBR with 4k resolutions. This is a low poly model with 900 polys. This is an ideal opportunity to decorate your scene with an object that will be in other plans, and that would be seen from a long distance. All dimensions are by ratio 1:1. The model has 1 daylight mode and 1 night mode map, metallic, normal, height, roughness.\n\n-Position of the model is at X,Y,Z = 0,0,0 -Overlapping geometry -low poly model -Unwrapped UVs -Non-overlapping -landmark object\n\nIncluded:  UE4 pbr maps, metallic roughness  maps.","imageAlt":"Scrabo Tower 3D asset","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/scrabo-tower","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7DnjXQCUDjGuKJqzHQBo1CgT/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Screenshot_28.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/7DnjXQCUDjGuKJqzHQBo1CgT/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Screenshot_28.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/scrabo-tower","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":7,"name":".dxf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2879497/b6941c5b6c/scrabo-tower-3d-model-b6941c5b6c.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7216784","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216784,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"\nold demolished factory 3D model\n\nThe Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/4wsnqb5bq4fgywnryf3sycw4wavo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-fcce72b4-d625-4973-ad45-95478e9c8b0f","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216784/0be4d46168/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-0be4d46168.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6524297","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6524297,"title":"Concrete Brick B 03","price":4.0,"description":"Concrete Brick B 03 – Low Poly, Game Ready Asset.\n\nBring life to your scenes with this stylized yet realistic model, optimized for games, VR/AR experiences, and architectural visualization.\n\nModel Specifications:\n\nPolygon Count: 1,160 Faces / 1,156 Vertices (no subdivision).\n\nObjects in Scene: 1\n\nUVs: Clean, non-overlapping.\n\nTextures: 4K (4096x4096), including:\n\nBase Color (Albedo). / Metallic. / Roughness. / Normal. / Height.\n\nSoftware Used:\n\nModeled in Blender ( version 3.3.20 ).\n\nTextured in Substance Painter.\n\nRendered with Cycles.\n\nIncluded File Formats: .blend (native) / .fbx / .obj / .stl / .glb / .dae /\n\nAll textures neatly organized in a TEXTURES folder for easy access.\n\nKey Features:\n\nGame-ready, low poly model – optimized for real-time rendering.\n\nHigh-quality PBR textures with realistic details.\n\nPerfect topology for both close-up renders and efficient scene performance.\n\nEasy to customize colors and materials.\n\nWell-named objects and materials for quick scene setup.\n\nUsage Recommendations: Ideal for:\n\nGame environments. / Animation scenes. / VR/AR apps.\n\nStylized or realistic architectural projects.\n\nNote: This model is not pre-optimized for 3D printing, but can be adjusted if needed.\n\nDon’t forget to check out my profile for more game-ready assets. Your support helps me create more high-quality models — thank you!","imageAlt":"3D asset Concrete Brick B 03","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/concrete-brick-b-03","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pd1hg8l38zur35ih6bs65ffq47wo/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Concrete_Brick_B_a_04.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pd1hg8l38zur35ih6bs65ffq47wo/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Concrete_Brick_B_a_04.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/concrete-brick-b-03","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6524297/99bad74deb/concrete-brick-b-03-3d-model-99bad74deb.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7213001","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213001,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. ","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/jdkiae4img2dnjvhk5wt1bqc1kg1/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-0806566b-f8dd-45c2-8b07-036b9e7019ce","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213001/d440acb7aa/large-scrap-metal-satellite-antenna-3d-model-3d-model-d440acb7aa.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7223358","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223358,"title":" crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture","imageAlt":"crane 3D model 7223358","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/1d8ctru95yoej2mkkvesw9n7wawj/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/crane-3d-model-b1ca9b64-c2f8-4e08-bc88-46d21376a293","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223358/54ae7a233f/crane-3d-model-3d-model-54ae7a233f.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7213191","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213191,"title":"scrap crane 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/p0ep7jhjt0l94h2u3zvrsmpeviqc/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/scrap-crane-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213191/967119b0ee/scrap-crane-3d-model-3d-model-967119b0ee.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7216848","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216848,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk","imageAlt":null,"url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/sxytvyd87clwcx267aeqsqkkgp3e/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1f72ea46-6cc3-4bea-b828-0407d7a25c2e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216848/75271943c1/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-75271943c1.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7214286","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7214286,"title":"water tank 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\n\n\nCotton was a difficult raw material for Europe to obtain before it was grown on colonial plantations.[35] Spanish explorers found Native Americans growing sea island (Gossypium barbadense) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sea island cotton was exported from Barbados from the 1650s. Upland cotton was uneconomical because of the difficulty of removing seed, a problem solved by the cotton gin.[13]: 157  A strain of cotton seed brought from Mexico to Na","imageAlt":"water tank 3D model 7214286","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/water-tank-3d-model-28193064-ccb6-4094-9630-a13a31ed2519","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/49mjg2nqtyb9othk26fmuy8lj28k/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/49mjg2nqtyb9othk26fmuy8lj28k/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/industrial-machine/water-tank-3d-model-28193064-ccb6-4094-9630-a13a31ed2519","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"industrial-machine","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Machine","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7214286/8abcdb2a62/water-tank-3d-model-3d-model-8abcdb2a62.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"6429253","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6429253,"title":"Medieval Brick Wall Textures Collection","price":75.0,"description":"Explore a meticulously crafted collection of 3D models featuring medieval brick walls distinguished by their reddish-brown hues and intricate patterns. 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Each model is designed to maximize texture clarity under soft studio lighting, ensuring high-definition detail even in minute cracks and aged surfaces.","imageAlt":"Medieval Brick Wall Textures Collection 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/medieval-brick-wall-textures-collection","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9i3c75gc4k93sx051lwvo6f4468n/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/medieval-brick-wall-textures-collection-3d-model-ecc77cbbc2.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9i3c75gc4k93sx051lwvo6f4468n/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/medieval-brick-wall-textures-collection-3d-model-ecc77cbbc2.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/medieval-brick-wall-textures-collection","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"architectural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Architectural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6429253/ecc77cbbc2/medieval-brick-wall-textures-collection-3d-model-ecc77cbbc2.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7280987","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7280987,"title":"Apartment Building","price":39.99,"description":"This 3D architectural rendering, identified, displays a classic brick apartment building from an elevated isometric perspective against a neutral gray background. The structure features a detailed Art Deco-inspired facade with light-colored stone accents surrounding the central entrance and framing the lower levels. The flat roof is equipped with realistic urban detailing, including a traditional wooden water tower on a metal frame, skylights, and ventilation units, while a dark metal fire escape is visible climbing up the side of the building.","imageAlt":"Apartment Building","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/apartment-building-d7c9a0de-e807-4067-8717-34084694c941","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dsef6d06xt5en0wnv5cirb78vljd/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/building%20%282%29.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/dsef6d06xt5en0wnv5cirb78vljd/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/building%20%282%29.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/apartment-building-d7c9a0de-e807-4067-8717-34084694c941","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":129,"name":".3mf","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":127,"name":".usdz","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7280987/8d4bad878f/apartment-building-3d-model-8d4bad878f.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7212862","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212862,"title":" Large scrap metal satellite antenna 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Uydu çanağı, radyo dalgaları yoluyla bir iletişim uydusundan bilgi almak veya ona bilgi iletmek için tasarlanmış, çanak şeklinde parabolik bir anten türüdür . Bu terim en yaygın olarak , jeostasyonel yörüngedeki bir doğrudan yayın uydusundan doğrudan yayın uydu televizyonu alan bir çanak anteni ifade eder .\n\nTarih\nParabolik veya \"çanak\" antenler, ilk yapay uydunun 1957'de fırlatılmasından çok önce, radyo teleskopları (1937'den itibaren) ve askeri amaçlarla (II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında) uçak takibi için kullanılıyordu.\n\nUydu çanağı terimi , uydu televizyon endüstrisinin başlangıcında, 1978 yılında ortaya atılmış ve iletişim uydularından sinyal gönderen ve/veya alan çanak antenleri ifade etmek için kullanılmıştır. Kaliforniya, San Andreas'tan Taylor Howard , 1976 yılında eski bir askeri çanağı uyarlayarak, onu kullanarak uydu televizyon sinyallerini alan ilk kişi olmuştur. [ 1 ]\n\nİlk uydu televizyon antenleri, C-band analog sinyallerini almak için yapılmıştı ve çok büyüktü. 1979 Neiman-Marcus Noel kataloğunun ön kapağında satışa sunulan ilk ev tipi uydu TV istasyonları yer alıyordu. [ 2 ] Antenlerin çapı yaklaşık 20 fit (6,1 m) idi. [ 3 ] 1980'lerin başlarındaki uydu antenleri 10 ila 16 fit (3,0 ila 4,9 m) çapındaydı [ 4 ] ve içine tel örgü veya alüminyum folyo tabakası yerleştirilmiş fiberglastan veya katı alüminyum veya çelikten yapılmıştı . [ 5 ]\n\nTel örgüden yapılmış uydu antenleri ilk olarak 1980'lerin başında ortaya çıktı ve başlangıçta 3,0 m çapındaydı. Ön uç teknolojisi geliştikçe ve LNB'lerin gürültü oranı düştükçe, boyut birkaç yıl sonra 2,4 m'ye kadar küçüldü ve 1980'lerin sonlarında 1,8 m'ye ve 1990'ların başlarında 1,2 m'ye kadar küçülmeye devam etti. [ 6 ] Bununla birlikte, daha büyük antenler kullanılmaya devam etti. [ 6 ] Aralık 1988'de Lüksemburg'un Astra 1A uydusu, Avrupa pazarı için Ku bandında analog televizyon sinyalleri iletmeye başladı . [ 7 ] Bu , küçük antenlerin (90 cm) ilk kez güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 7 ]\n\n1990'ların başlarında, dört büyük Amerikan kablo şirketi , orta güçteki uyduları kullanan doğrudan yayın şirketi PrimeStar'ı kurdu. [ 8 ] Nispeten güçlü Ku bandı iletimleri, ilk kez 90 cm kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına olanak sağladı. [ 8 ] 4 Mart 1996'da EchoStar , Digital Sky Highway'i ( Dish Network ) tanıttı . [ 9 ] Bu, yaygın olarak kullanılan ilk doğrudan yayın uydu televizyon sistemiydi ve 20 inç (51 cm) kadar küçük çanak antenlerin kullanılmasına izin verdi. Çanak anten boyutundaki bu büyük azalma, uydu çanak antenlerinin araçlara monte edilmesine de olanak sağladı. [ 10 ] Bu boyuttaki çanak antenler bugün hala kullanılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, televizyon istasyonları, C bandı sinyallerinin Ku bandı sinyallerine göre yağmurdan daha az etkilenmesi nedeniyle, sinyallerini büyük çanak antenlerle C bandında iletmeyi hala tercih etmektedir . [ 11 ]\n\nÇalışma prensibi\n\nParabolik antenlerde kullanılan yansıma prensiplerinin şematik gösterimi\nÇanak antenin parabolik şekli , sinyali çanağın odak noktasına yansıtır . Çanağın odak noktasındaki braketlere monte edilmiş bir cihaza besleme boynuzu denir. Bu besleme boynuzu, esasen odak noktasında veya yakınında sinyalleri toplayan ve bunları düşük gürültülü bir blok aşağı dönüştürücüye veya LNB'ye 'iletken' olan bir dalga kılavuzunun ön ucudur . LNB, sinyalleri elektromanyetik veya radyo dalgalarından elektrik sinyallerine dönüştürür ve sinyalleri aşağı bağlantılı C bandından ve/veya Ku bandından L bandı aralığına kaydırır . Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu çanak antenleri, besleme boynuzunu LNB ile entegre eden bir LNBF kullanır. Yönlendirilmiş parabolik çanak anten kullanmayan ve araç gibi mobil bir platformda kullanılabilen yeni bir çok yönlü uydu anteni türü, 2004 yılında Waterloo Üniversitesi tarafından duyuruldu. [ 12 ]\n\nBir uydu anteninin teorik kazancı ( yönsel kazanç ), frekans arttıkça artar. Gerçek kazanç, yüzey kalitesi, şekil doğruluğu ve anten uyumu gibi birçok faktöre bağlıdır. 11,75 GHz'de tipik bir tüketici tipi 60 cm uydu anteni için değer 37,50 dB'dir.\n\nÖrneğin C bandı gibi daha düşük frekanslarda, çanak anten tasarımcılarının malzeme seçimi daha geniştir. Düşük frekanslar için gereken büyük çanak anten boyutu, çanak antenlerin metal bir çerçeve üzerine metal ağdan yapılmasına yol açmıştır. Daha yüksek frekanslarda ise ağ tipi tasarımlar daha nadirdir, ancak bazı tasarımlarda delikli katı çanak anten kullanılmıştır.\n\nYaygın bir yanılgı, çanak antenin önündeki cihaz olan LNBF'nin (düşük gürültülü blok/besleme boynuzu) sinyali doğrudan atmosferden aldığıdır. Örneğin, bir BBC Haber bağlantısı, \"kırmızı sinyalin\" çanak antene ışınlanmak yerine doğrudan LNBF tarafından alındığını göstermektedir; oysa parabolik şekli nedeniyle çanak anten sinyali daha küçük bir alanda toplar ve LNBF'ye iletir. [ 13 ]\n\nEv televizyonu kullanımı için tasarlanmış modern çanak antenler genellikle 43 cm (18 inç) ila 80 cm (31 inç) çapındadır ve tek bir yörünge konumundan Ku-bandı alımı için tek bir pozisyona sabitlenmiştir. Doğrudan yayın yapan uydu hizmetlerinin varlığından önce, ev kullanıcıları genellikle farklı uydulardan kanalları almak için 3 metreye kadar çapta motorlu bir C-bandı çanak anten kullanırlardı. Ancak, çok küçük çanak antenler yine de yağmur nedeniyle sinyal zayıflaması ve bitişik uydulardan kaynaklanan parazit gibi sorunlara neden olabilir.\n\nAvrupa\nAvrupa'da , DBS hizmetleri tarafından kullanılan frekanslar , H (Yatay) ve V (Dikey) olmak üzere iki polarizasyonda 10,7–12,75 GHz aralığındadır. Bu aralık, 10,7–11,7 GHz'lik bir \"düşük bant\" ve 11,7–12,75 GHz'lik bir \"yüksek bant\" olarak ikiye ayrılır. Bu, her biri yaklaşık 1 GHz bant genişliğine ve iki olası polarizasyona sahip iki frekans bandı ile sonuçlanır. LNB'de bunlar 950–2150 MHz'e düşürülür; bu, LNBF ile alıcı arasındaki koaksiyel kabloda uydu hizmeti için ayrılan frekans aralığıdır. Daha düşük frekanslar kablolu ve karasal TV , FM radyo vb. için ayrılmıştır. Bu frekans bantlarından yalnızca biri koaksiyel kabloya sığar, bu nedenle bu bantların her biri için LNBF'den bir anahtarlama matrisine ayrı bir kablo gerekir veya alıcının aynı anda 4 olasılıktan birini seçmesi gerekir. [ kaynak gerekli ]\n\nSistem tasarımı\nTek alıcılı konut kurulumunda, binadaki alıcı set üstü kutusundan çanak anten üzerindeki LNB'ye tek bir koaksiyel kablo uzanır. LNB için DC elektrik gücü, alıcıya sinyal taşıyan aynı koaksiyel kablo iletkenleri üzerinden sağlanır. Ek olarak, kontrol sinyalleri de alıcıdan LNB'ye kablo üzerinden iletilir. Alıcı, dikey/yatay anten polarizasyonunu seçmek için farklı güç kaynağı voltajları (13/18 V) ve LNB'ye iki frekans bandından birini seçmesi için talimat vermek üzere bir açma/kapama pilot tonu (22 kHz) kullanır. Daha büyük kurulumlarda, her bant ve polarizasyon için ayrı bir kablo kullanılır, bu nedenle LNB'den bir 'çoklu anahtarlama' anahtarlama matrisine 4 kablo gider; bu da tek alıcılı kurulumdakiyle aynı sinyalizasyon yöntemini kullanarak yıldız topolojisinde birden fazla alıcının çoklu anahtara bağlanmasına olanak tanır. 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The doors open. Includes four textures, as well as normal and specular maps. Low-poly model. max2023.obj.fbx.3ds.","imageAlt":"Old brick factory 7260293","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/old-brick-factory-106ded47-00ba-4afd-8e65-98c0dc7b4e6c","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5dv50b65cjey7y4bybroe9dn0mrf/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5dv50b65cjey7y4bybroe9dn0mrf/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/old-brick-factory-106ded47-00ba-4afd-8e65-98c0dc7b4e6c","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7260293/000cddc232/old-brick-factory-3d-model-000cddc232.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"6644291","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6644291,"title":"Mrf Wall Stone 11","price":5.0,"description":"All Maps are 4k\nThe textures are seamless\n\nMaps: AmbientOcclusion, BaseColor, Glossiness, Normal, Displacement\n\nThe way the material is displayed depends entirely on the lighting and the surrounding environment.\n\nHigh quality material and textures. Detailed enough for close-up rendering.\n\n----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nYou can download my free products here to see the quality:\n\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/mrf-pavement-set11\n\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/architectural/floor/mrf-floor-stone04\n\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/mrf-wood-panel-set08\n\nhttps://www.cgtrader.com/free-3d-models/architectural/architectural-street/mrf-wet-pavement-set03\n---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n- max2015_Corona_4\n- max2015_VRay_3.60\n-OBJ\n-FBX","imageAlt":"Mrf Wall Stone 11 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/mrf-wall-stone-11","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5ncw7fg1lvomyx0qh9zzysr3mjkk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Main%20Cover.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/5ncw7fg1lvomyx0qh9zzysr3mjkk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Main%20Cover.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/mrf-wall-stone-11","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"architectural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Architectural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6644291/22763e3f80/mrf-wall-stone-11-3d-model-22763e3f80.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7212570","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7212570,"title":"old space observatory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n\n","imageAlt":"old space observatory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/lx3i3wuw6fx6lxnapk7huo9htl4m/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/old-space-observatory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7212570/063c512247/old-space-observatory-3d-model-3d-model-063c512247.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7296121","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7296121,"title":"Asylum-Hospital Brick and Sandstone old neglected","price":19.99,"description":"This is a model of asylum or hospital or both, made of red bricks and sandstone element. Building is in dirty, old, neglected style with some molds, green stains.\nThere is a simple interior like rooms, doors, windows, floors, staircase, some furniture like bed, wardrobe, matress.\n\nExterior: polygons - 27900, vertices - 31750\nExterior + Interior: polygons - 83900, vertices - 91360\n\nOne object one material. All objects textured. Map: Normal, Diffuse, Roughness , some object also Mettalic Map. Most of them 2k.\n\nFeel free to change mesh, colors, add more staff and assets.\n\nAvailablew formats:\n-BLEND (native)\n-STL\n-OBJ\n-FBX","imageAlt":"Asylum-Hospital Brick and Sandstone old neglected","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/asylum-hospital-brick-and-sandstone-old-neglected","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9jxgcgg7fkkw11ul5dgq4uljpgcl/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/W9.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9jxgcgg7fkkw11ul5dgq4uljpgcl/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/W9.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/asylum-hospital-brick-and-sandstone-old-neglected","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"engineering","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Engineering","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7296121/1ea83f910e/asylum-hospital-brick-and-sandstone-old-neglected-3d-model-1ea83f910e.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7213111","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7213111,"title":"Scrap liquefied gas storage 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"Flüssiggaslagerbehälter sind Druckbehälter, in denen Flüssiggas gelagert wird. Das so gelagerte Gas dient in der Regel zu Heiz- und Kochzwecken.\n\nFlüssiggaslagerbehälter gibt es in folgenden Ausführungen:[1]\n\noberirdisch\nhalboberirdisch\nunterirdisch\nortsbeweglich (siehe Gasflasche)\nFlüssiggaslagerbehälter sind überwachungsbedürftige Anlagen und müssen regelmäßig durch eine zugelassene Überwachungsstelle geprüft werden. Die Prüffristen betragen in der Regel 10 Jahre.[2]\n\nIn Durchgängen, Durchfahrten, Treppenräumen oder an Treppen von Freianlagen, Fluren, Feuerwehrzufahrten und Notausgängen dürfen Flüssiggasbehälter nicht aufgestellt werden.[3]\n\nFür die Aufstellung und den Betrieb derartiger Behälter sind Technische Regeln, insbesondere die Technische Regeln für Betriebssicherheit TRBS und die Technische Regel Flüssiggas TRF, zu beachten. Flüssiggase sind schwerer als Luft, daher ist bei der Lagerung darauf zu achten, dass eventuell austretendes Gas sich nicht in tiefer liegenden Bereichen ansammelt.[4]","imageAlt":"Scrap liquefied gas storage 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/scrap-liquefied-gas-storage-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/y89au7jqp3jfvk2la6zim83eydx0/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/y89au7jqp3jfvk2la6zim83eydx0/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/scrap-liquefied-gas-storage-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7213111/131cef0574/scrap-liquefied-gas-storage-3d-model-3d-model-131cef0574.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7223283","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7223283,"title":"old silo 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision me","imageAlt":"old silo 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-silo-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9cvp88st716ckgxs69umb29fy94t/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/9cvp88st716ckgxs69umb29fy94t/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-silo-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7223283/83bcd4d4d8/old-silo-3d-model-3d-model-83bcd4d4d8.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"4005457","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4005457,"title":"Brick Materials Vol 1","price":5.5,"description":"**Brick Materials Vol 1**\n\n10 high-quality Brick Material sets pack, which contain Normal, Height, and Ambient-Occlusion is here to help you create more believable Brick materials in your projects. By purchasing this pack you can use\n\nthese seamless textures in your materials without any hesitation due to their quality there is no backward in your progress.\n\n**This pack includes :**\n\n– 10 Normal Texture\n\n– .sbsar format file\n\n– Png Map\n\n**All textures are seamless and tileable.**\n\n**Note** –  Adjust height map according to your object.\n\n ==============================================================================================\n\n**Links \u0026 Info**\n\n*Facebook *- https://www.facebook.com/cgpenmarket\n\n*Instagram *- https://www.instagram.com/cgpen/\n\n==============================================================================================\n\nWe greatly appreciate you choosing our 3D models and hope they will be of use. We look forward to continuously dealing with you.\n\nIf you like this collection don't forget to rate it please - Enjoy\n\nHope you like it!\n\n===========================================================================================================","imageAlt":"3D asset Brick Materials Vol 1","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/floor/brick-materials-vol-1","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6Hzs9RTEFseUcuJpxENMtR9c/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Thumbnail%20Artstation%2001.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6Hzs9RTEFseUcuJpxENMtR9c/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Thumbnail%20Artstation%2001.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/floor/brick-materials-vol-1","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":101,"name":".spp","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"floor","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Floor","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4005457/2cfd49b117/brick-materials-vol-1-3d-model-2cfd49b117.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7216525","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216525,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. 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This hybrid approach ensures both the precision and the flexibility needed for detailed modeling and efficient rendering.\n\nPolygons: The model comprises 1713 polygons, providing a balanced level of detail that maintains visual fidelity without compromising performance.\n\nVertices: It features 3334 vertices, which define the structure of the model and support the detailed texture mapping.\n\nTextures: High-quality textures have been applied to the model, enhancing its visual detail and realism. These textures simulate the intricate surface details and color variations of real bricks, contributing to an immersive user experience.\n\nMaterials: A variety of materials have been utilized to define the surface properties of the model. These materials control aspects such as color, reflectivity, and roughness, ensuring the model accurately represents the look and feel of real bricks.\n\nRigged: The model is not rigged. It does not include an internal skeleton structure, which means it is not intended for applications that require posing or animation.\n\nAnimated: This asset does not come with any pre-defined animations. It is a static model, ideal for scenes where movement is not required.\n\nUV Mapped: The model has been UV mapped, a technique that involves projecting the 3D model's surface onto a 2D plane for texture mapping. This process ensures that textures are correctly aligned and applied to the geometry, enhancing the model’s overall appearance.\n\nUses\nThis 3D model of bricks is versatile and can be used in various digital projects. It is suitable for:\n\nArchitectural Visualization: Perfect for creating realistic brick walls and structures in architectural renderings.\nGame Development: Can be used to design game environments, providing detailed and realistic brick textures.\nSimulation: Ideal for simulations that require realistic representations of brick structures.\nEducational Purposes: Useful for teaching 3D modeling and texturing techniques.\nThis detailed and professional description ensures that potential users understand the technical specifications and potential applications of the 3D model, aiding in their decision-making 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building pack 3","price":79.0,"description":"- **only exterior model**\n- originally created cinema4d R25 ready scene ,  rendered with advanced materials\n- only native file ready to render cinema4d R25 advanced render\n- **with UVMAPPED texture**\n- **in exported formats, models come with standart Uvmapped textures**\n- fbx , 3dsmax2016 and blender (with standart Uvmapped textures )\n- programs printscreens are in model pictures\n- **There are more detailed renders in the model images, you can take a look**\n- **FORMATS**\n- Cinema4d R25 (AR standart render) *ready to render with texture and materials*\n- Blender 2.83 (with standart Uvmapped textures  )\n- 3dsmax 2016 (with standart Uvmapped textures  )\n- FBX (with standart Uvmapped textures  )\n- DAE (no material and texture only model)\n- 3ds (no material and texture only model)\n- you can see the program screenshots without buying the model \n\n\n- **Geometry**\n\n**industrial building **\n**Polygons :**  178937\n**Vertex :**    178902\n\n**industrial building 2**\n**Polygons :**  17642\n**Vertex :**  17388\n\n**industrial building 3**\n**Polygons :**  37596\n**Vertex :**    38296\n\n**industrial building 4**\n**Polygons :**  41866\n**Vertex :**    41723\n\n**industrial building 5**\n**Polygons :**  23472\n**Vertex :**    21636\n\n**industrial building 6**\n**Polygons :**  42218\n**Vertex :**    41898\n\n- **Factory Building 1**\n- Polygons : 6067\n- Vertex :   6200\n\n- **Factory Building 2**\n- Polygons :17378\n- Vertex :  16944\n\n- **Factory Building 3**\n- Polygons : 4667\n- Vertex :   4545\n\n- **Factory Building 4**\n- Polygons : 3080\n- Vertex :   2898\n\n- **Factory Building 5**\n- Polygons : 28615\n- Vertex :   26848\n\n- **Factory Building 6**\n- Polygons : 63386\n- Vertex :   64805\n","imageAlt":"industrial building pack 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District City","price":79.0,"description":"Brick District City is a package of low-polygon 3D models optimized for game engines. It includes **410 assets** such as landscapes, buildings, stadiums, and transportation.  \n\n---  \n\n### **KEY FEATURES**  \n\n- **410 Unique Assets:** Unlock boundless opportunities for creating unique locations. You can arrange landscapes and buildings the way you want and create your own, unique city.  \n- **The Demo Scene:** Ready for use in your projects, saving you valuable time. You can use it or create your own unique city.  \n- **Multi-purpose Usage:** Ideal for games, animations, VR/AR interior design apps, advertising, and 3D printing.  \n- **Consistent Art Style:** Almost all of our asset packs are stylistically compatible.     \n- **No Need to Create Unique Unwraps:** A universal PNG texture is used, significantly reducing memory usage.     \nhttps://ithappystudios.com/blog/uv-unwrapping-how-to-do-it-easily-and-quickly/    \n\n### **COMPATIBLE 3D MODEL PACKS**  \nThese packs will look great together:   \nCharacters - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/character/anatomy/characters-3-01    \nCity - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/tile-pack-city-3d-low-poly     \nDowntown City - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/tile-pack-city-3d-low-poly-2     \nCoastal Living City - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/tile-pack-city-3     \nEastern Europe City - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-low-poly-ussr    \nConstruction - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/engineering/construction-1-59b04c3d-305a-4623-a26f-590403a86be3   \nFactory - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/factory-1-75ca2f76-50ea-44c8-b2b5-a74ccc22a280    \nHeavy Machinery - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/vehicle/industrial-vehicle/machinery-1    \nJunkyard - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/other/junkyard-1    \nMining Facility - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/extractive-industry-1    \nPort - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/port-1    \nLogging Facility - https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/wood-industry-1    \n\n### **PACK CONTENT**  \n- **Demo Scene**  \n- **430 models:**  \n  - **Landscape (x97):** Ground, road, water, bridges, parking, beach, etc.  \n  - **Buildings (x116):** Small houses, cottages, banks, hotels, cafes, supermarkets, service stores, art buildings, temples, middle-size houses, high-rise buildings, business centers, skyscrapers.  \n  - **Stadiums (x10)**  \n  - **Parks (x10)**  \n  - **Entertainment Areas (x10):** Skatepark, stage, basketball court, soccer field, tennis court, sports field, amusement park, Ferris wheel, playground.  \n  - **Cars (x52)**  \n  - **Buses (x10)**  \n  - **Trucks (x10)**  \n  - **Trailers (x5)**  \n  - **Ships (x10)**  \n  - **Aircraft (x10)**  \n  - **Props (x39):** Trees, bushes, flowers, benches, railings, telephone booths, fire hydrants, trash cans, road signs, lampposts, traffic lights.  \n\n### **FILES**       \nYou’ll be able to download formats such as Unity Package, UE, Blender, C4D, Maya, 3DSMax, FBX, OBJ, GLTF, and STL.      \n\n**COMPATIBILITY**  \nThe pack works starting from Blender version 3.3 and all later versions.  \n- Unity Engine 2021.3+    \n- Unreal Engine 4.20+   \n- Godot Engine 3.4+   \n\n### **TECHNICAL INFO**  \n\n- **Polygon Count:** 400K triangles all pack  \n- **Scale:** Real-world-size  \n- **Materials:** All models use 1 material (color)  \n- **Textures:** All models use 1 texture (as a color palette). Resolution: 1024 px.  \n\n### **SUPPORT**  \nFree updates and technical support: https://discord.com/invite/jxrQM8hXnd  \nWe would love to hear from you: support@ithappystudios.com    \nWe aim to respond within 24 hours.  \n\n*Leave a review to help us improve and expand this pack further! Your projects are the reason we create 3D models. We genuinely care about how you use our work, and we'd love to hear your thoughts on the pack.*  \n\n---  \n\n### **FOLLOW US**  \nNew packs coming out, updates, promotions, tutorials:  \nDISCORD - https://discord.com/invite/jxrQM8hXnd  \nYOUTUBE - https://www.youtube.com/@ithappystudios","imageAlt":"3D asset Brick District City","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-low-poly-brooklyn","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/x2h9h79ycmvicbg1kvx4hhw3pbdz/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/CGT_Brick%20District_City_Preview.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/x2h9h79ycmvicbg1kvx4hhw3pbdz/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/CGT_Brick%20District_City_Preview.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/cityscape/city-low-poly-brooklyn","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":true,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":83,"name":".unitypackage","is_native":true},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":11,"name":".ma","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"cityscape","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Cityscape","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3151243/82b8eb4522/brick-district-city-3d-model-82b8eb4522.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"4744672","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4744672,"title":"Stone Bricks 3D Model","price":2.99,"description":"Game Ready model with excellent detail.\n\nIncludes high quality 4k textures in .png format. All textures biased on PBR shaders. Also check out my other 3d models. Enjoy!\n\nI provide several formats for each model, most of them are available by default, these are fbx, obj,blender.\n\nThis is a 3d model of a can of Stone Bricks for games or for your tasks. If you need more information or help with something, write to me and I will help you","imageAlt":"VR / AR ready Stone Bricks 3D Model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/stone-bricks-3d-model-464cea5c-1f26-4852-8499-cf349c44176e","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oSN8pLyrAuC6VoMF69aecCAu/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Stone%20Bricks%28black%29.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/oSN8pLyrAuC6VoMF69aecCAu/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Stone%20Bricks%28black%29.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/stone-bricks-3d-model-464cea5c-1f26-4852-8499-cf349c44176e","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4744672/5ab107ffd7/stone-bricks-3d-model-3d-model-5ab107ffd7.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"2941613","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2941613,"title":"Common Desert House","price":14.0,"description":"An ancient egyptian style home with an enterable interior. Includes two materials and a separate door model which can be animated. Works great in any modern game engine or for rendering purposes.\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003eTextures are in 4096x4096 resolution:\n\n- -Diffuse/Base color\n- -Normal map\n- -Ambient Occlusion\n- -Roughness\n\n\n\u003cbr\u003e-Unity and Unreal packages include drag and drop prefabs with packed textures.\n\u003cbr\u003e-Pivot point is at the bottom centre of the model.\n\u003cbr\u003e-Textures were created in, and exported from, Substance Painter.\n\u003cbr\u003e-Model created with, and native to, Blender 2.9\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e_For any help or inquiries please message me directly on CGTrader or on my email_: howardcoates3dart@gmail.com","imageAlt":"3D asset game-ready Common Desert House","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/common-house","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qHUFQHcryTKe86LqPsXbV3Ww/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Render24E.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/qHUFQHcryTKe86LqPsXbV3Ww/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Render24E.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/common-house","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":83,"name":".unitypackage","is_native":false},{"id":96,"name":".uasset","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2941613/665f3f0d3a/common-desert-house-3d-model-665f3f0d3a.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"5896631","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5896631,"title":"8K PBR Brick Wall Texture Collection Vol 08","price":7.0,"description":"This **high-resolution texture collection** features **nine brick wall textures**, each with **unique surface details** and **variations in color tones**. Ideal for **architectural and urban design projects**.\n\n**Key Features:**\n\n-    **8K Resolution** – High-definition textures for detailed architectural renders\n-     **PBR Workflow** – Optimized for realistic surface shading and lighting\n-     Includes **9 Textures** with **3 Unique Patterns**\n-     **5 Essential Maps: Albedo, Normal, Height, Roughness, AO**\n\nPerfect for architectural design, urban environments, and compatible with 3ds Max","imageAlt":"8K PBR Brick Wall Texture Collection Vol 08 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/8k-pbr-brick-wall-texture-collection-vol-08","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kbe6svvt5iqwkmhoup6kk2fltk0k/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/0.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/kbe6svvt5iqwkmhoup6kk2fltk0k/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/0.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/textures/architectural-textures/8k-pbr-brick-wall-texture-collection-vol-08","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"textures","subcategorySlug":"architectural-textures","categoryTitle":"Textures","subcategoryTitle":"Architectural","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/5896631/ebe7536369/8k-pbr-brick-wall-texture-collection-vol-08-3d-model-ebe7536369.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"735782","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":735782,"title":"Debris Groundfill Junk Trash Kit Game Ready","price":29.0,"description":"Real Time,Game Ready, Debris Junk Pile Kit Collection with PBR Textures.\n\nIncludes the following 3d file types: (use the .fbx file to import into any popular 3d package)\n\nBlender 2.90.1\n\n.FBX\n\n.OBJ\n\nMarmoset 2 File - (the images you see in the thumbnails are using this file)\n\n\n1. SM_Debris_Pile_Large_01\nTris: 25,156 Verts: 12, 732\n\n2. SM_Debris_Pile_Small_01\nTris: 2,858 Verts: 1,487\n\n3. SM_Debris_Pile_Med_02\nTris:8,024 Verts: 4,138\n\n4. SM_Debris_Pile_Med_01\nTris: 15,186 Verts: 7,697\n\n5. SM_Debris_Tire_Stack_01\nTris: 15,480 Verts: 7,740\n\n6. SM_Debris_CinderBlock_Pile_01\nTris: 1,872 Verts: 954\n\n7. SM_Debris_Brick_Pile_01\nTris: 792 Verts: 452\n\n8. SM_Debris_Board_Pile\nTris: 340 Verts: 202\n\n9. SM_Debris_CinderBlock\nTris: 184 Verts: 90\n\n10. SM_Debris_CinderBlock_Chunk_01\nTris: 32 Verts: 18\n\n11. SM_Debris_CinderBlock_Chunk_02\nTris: 38 Verts: 21\n\n12. SM_Debris_CinderBlock_Chunk_03\nTris: 38 Verts: 21\n\n13. SM_Debris_Brick_Single\nTris: 12 Verts: 8\n\n14. SM_Debris_Brick_Half\nTris: 52 Verts: 28\n\n15. SM_Debris_Brick_Chunk_01\nTris: 36 Verts: 20\n\n16. SM_Debris_Brick_Chunk_02\nTris: 36 Verts: 20\n\n17. SM_Debris_Tire_Single\nTris: 1,740 Verts: 860\n\n18. SM_Debris_Board_Full_01\nTris: 12 Verts: 8\n\n19. SM_Debris_Board_Full_02\nTris: 12 Verts: 8\n\n20. SM_Debris_Board_Half_02\nTris: 28 Verts: 16\n\n21. SM_Debris_Board_Half_01\nTris: 28 Verts: 16\n\n22. SM_Debris_Board_Shard_01\nTris: 24 Verts: 14\n\n23. SM_Debris_Board_Shard_02\nTris: 24 Verts:14\n\n24. SM_Debris_Pole_Long\nTris: 68 Verts: 36\n\n25. SM_Debris_Pole_Short\nTris: 92 Verts: 48\n\nDisplay images were rendered in Marmoset Toolbag.\n\nNormal maps were baked from a high poly model in Substance Painter. The Normal Maps are baked with the MikkT tangent space setting.\n\nThe textures are located in the .zip file. You will also find all the program files located in the .zip folder. We recommend downloading the .zip and opening up your desired 3d format from there, the texture paths should automatically hook up that way.\n\nIncludes the following PBR texture types (BOTH Metalness and Specular workflows, perfect for Unity, Cryengine and UE4):\n\n4096x4096: Ambient_Occlusion\n4096x4096: Normal Map\n\n4096x4096: Diffuse\n4096x4096: Gloss\n4096x4096: Specular\n\n4096x4096: Base Color\n4096x4096: Roughness\n4096x4096: Metalness\n\n4096x4096 UV\n\nSource texture maps from the hi-poly bake are also included so you can re-texture if desired.\n\n4096x4096: Ambient_Occlusion\n4096x4096: Curvature\n4096x4096: MeshNormals\n4096x4096: Position\n4096x4096: Thickness\n4096x4096: World_Space_Normal\n\nNote about textures. The Normal maps are -y, this is fine for directx. If they look flipped, just highlight the green channel in photoshop and hit ctrl+i.\n\nIf the roughness and metalness look too shiny in say, UE4, you'll have to make sure they are set to linear. Just double click the texture and uncheck the sRGB box.\nYou can also fix that by combining maps in an image editor like Photoshop.\n\nUV's are mostly flat with a few pieces overlapping where necessary.\n\nUnits are Metric.\n\nGame Ready!\n\nPlease click on my Username MeshMagnet for more Game-Ready models!","imageAlt":"Debris Groundfill Junk Trash Kit Game Ready 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/debris-groundfill-junk-trash-kit-game-ready","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/AbLKU25K8whMhjJMWZGBr67b/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/debris-groundfill-junk-trash-kit-game-ready-3d-model-low-poly.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/AbLKU25K8whMhjJMWZGBr67b/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/debris-groundfill-junk-trash-kit-game-ready-3d-model-low-poly.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/debris-groundfill-junk-trash-kit-game-ready","isCgtVerified":true,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":137,"name":".tbscene","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/735782/dace8fc4b2/debris-groundfill-junk-trash-kit-game-ready-3d-model-dace8fc4b2.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"2757498","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2757498,"title":"Industrial Brick Building","price":2.0,"description":"This is an industrial brick building.\nThe model is perfect to use in the background of big scenes or inside of games as it is low-poly, but you can also use it for close-up shots.\nThe building alone has around 2500 vertices and combining it with the rooftop decoration (which doesn't have to be used in your scene of course), the whole scene has around 56000 vertices.\n\nYou can easily change any window by shifting the texture around the model and you can place any light source in any of the rooms with windows. I chose to place the lights as they are seen in the preview images.\n\nNote that this is only two sides of the building. You can easily expand it into having four sides but for most renders it isn't necessary and therefore saves vertices.\n\nDownloading the .blend-file is recommended as the materials and textures will be perfectly projected onto the model other than using the .fbx- or the .obj-version.","imageAlt":"3D asset Industrial Brick Building","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/industrial-brick-building","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vGG6oiYLrXwcZZNznXA668dk/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/img5.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vGG6oiYLrXwcZZNznXA668dk/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/img5.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/industrial-exterior/industrial-brick-building","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"industrial-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Industrial","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2757498/ca65ee5537/industrial-brick-building-3d-model-ca65ee5537.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"2570677","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":2570677,"title":"Arlanda Uppsala Cathedral","price":89.0,"description":"Arlanda Uppsala Cathedral\n\n- LOD0 - (triangles 61006) / (points 34904)\n- LOD1 - (triangles 39168) / (points 21403)\n- LOD2 - (triangles 20324) / (points 11488)\n- LOD3 - (triangles 10982) / (points 6587)\n- LOD4 - (triangles 4378) / (points 2678)\n- LOD5 - (triangles 454) / (points 345)\n\nLow-poly (game-ready) 3D model Uppsala Cathedral with LODs \n\n- Textures for PBR shader (Albedo, Specular, Gloss, AmbietOcclusion, NormalMap, Emissive) they may be used with Unity3D, Unreal Engine. size 4096x4096\n- Textures for NIGHT\n- Сontains 6 LODs\n- In more detail, the object can be viewed on the website Sketch-fab (3D viewport). Search by name, read the description\n- See model on the Sketch-fab fullscreen mode and HD quality\n- All pictures (previews) REALTIME rendering \n- About textures see screenshots (pictures previews)\n- Textures: \n   - Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral_Albedo.png - 4096x4096\n   - Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral_AmbientOcclusion.png - 4096x4096\n   - Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral_NormalMap.png - 4096x4096\n   - Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral_Gloss.png - 4096x4096\n   - Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral_Specular.png - 4096x4096\n   - Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral_Emission.png - 4096x4096 (Night)\n\nIf you have questions about my models or need any kind of help, feel free to contact me and i'll do my best to help you.","imageAlt":"3D asset Arlanda Uppsala Cathedral","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/arlanda-uppsala-cathedral","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/aFkuTeB6VRGLf1gnNir2xSDW/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/ScreenShot_Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral___015.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/aFkuTeB6VRGLf1gnNir2xSDW/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/ScreenShot_Arlanda_Uppsala_Cathedral___015.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/historic-exterior/arlanda-uppsala-cathedral","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":15,"name":".hrc","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":134,"name":".cob","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"historic-exterior","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"Historic","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/2570677/2148ef0647/arlanda-uppsala-cathedral-3d-model-2148ef0647.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7216344","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7216344,"title":"old demolished factory 3D model ","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes, succeeding the Second Agricultural Revolution. Beginning in Great Britain around 1760, the Industrial Revolution had spread to continental Europe and the United States by about 1840.[1][2] Economic historians agree that the onset of the Industrial Revolution is the most important event in human history, comparable only to the adoption of agriculture with respect to material advancement.[3]\n\nThis transition included going from hand production methods to machines; new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes; the increasing use of water power and steam power; the development of machine tools; and rise of the mechanised factory system. Output greatly increased, and the result was an unprecedented rise in population and population growth. Many technological and architectural innovations were British.[4][5] By the mid-18th century, Britain was the leading commercial nation,[6] with GDP per capita considerably over the world average.[2] The textile industry was the first to use modern production methods,[7]: 40  and textiles became the dominant industry in terms of employment, value of output, and capital invested.[7]\n\nThe precise start and end of the Industrial Revolution is debated among historians, as is the pace of economic and social changes.[8][9][10] Rapid adoption of mechanized textiles spinning occurred in Britain in the 1780s,[11] and high rates of growth in steam power and iron production occurred after 1800. Mechanised textile production spread from Britain to continental Europe and the US in the early 19th century.[7]\n\nA recession occurred from the late 1830s when the adoption of the Industrial Revolution's early innovations, such as mechanised spinning and weaving, slowed as markets matured despite increased adoption of locomotives, steamships, and hot blast iron smelting. New technologies such as the electrical telegraph, widely introduced in the 1840s in the UK and US, were not sufficient to drive high rates of growth. Rapid growth reoccurred after 1870, springing from new innovations in the Second Industrial Revolution. These included steel-making processes, mass production, assembly lines, electrical grid systems, large-scale manufacture of machine tools, and use of advanced machinery in steam-powered factories.[7][12][13][14]\n\nThe Industrial Revolution influenced almost every aspect of life. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth, with the standard of living improving for most in the Western world,[15] though others have said it did not begin to improve meaningfully until the 20th century.[16][17][18] Prior to the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing occurred in China and India; after the Industrial Revolution, most manufacturing took place in North America and Western Europe.[2]\n\nEtymology\nThe earliest recorded use of \"Industrial Revolution\" was in 1799 by French envoy Louis-Guillaume Otto, announcing that France had entered the race to industrialise.[19] Raymond Williams states: \"The idea of a new social order based on major industrial change was clear in Southey and Owen, between 1811–18, and was implicit as early as Blake in the early 1790s and Wordsworth at the turn of the [19th] century.\" The term Industrial Revolution applied to technological change became more common by the 1830s, as in Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui's description in 1837 of la révolution industrielle.[20] Friedrich Engels in The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 spoke of \"an industrial revolution, a revolution which...changed the whole of civil society\". His book was not translated into English until the late 19th century, and the expression did not enter everyday language till then. Credit for its popularisation is given to Arnold Toynbee, whose 1881 lectures gave a detailed account of the term.[21]\n\nEconomic historians such as Mendels, Pomeranz, and Kridte argue proto-industrialisation in parts of Europe, the Islamic world, Mughal India, and China created the social and economic conditions that led to the Industrial Revolution, thus causing the Great Divergence.[22][23][24] Some historians, such as John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts, have argued that the economic and social changes occurred gradually and that revolution is a misnomer.[25]\n\nRequirements\n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\n","imageAlt":"old demolished factory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/1.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/6p85qogq3ticshxkmkwxru6zzejn/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/1.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/industrial/other/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-1acaf692-fc33-42ba-b702-31f186f0eaee","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"industrial","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Industrial","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7216344/eb4d252f63/old-demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-eb4d252f63.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"5896596","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":5896596,"title":"8K PBR Brick Wall Texture Collection Vol 05","price":7.0,"description":"This collection includes **nine high-resolution brick wall textures**, featuring **three unique patterns** and color variations. 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\n\nStonewall_01_Diffuse.tga\nStonewall_01_Roughness.tga\nStonewall_01_Glossiness.tga\nStonewall_01_Metallic.tga\nStonewall_01_Occlusion.tga\nStonewall_01_Normals.tga\nStonewall_01_LOD_0_Normals.tga\nStonewall_01_LOD_1_Normals.tga\nStonewall_01_LOD_2_Normals.tga\nStonewall_01_LOD_3_Normals.tga\n____________\nStonewall_02_Diffuse.tga\nStonewall_02_Roughness.tga\nStonewall_02_Glossiness.tga\nStonewall_02_Metallic.tga\nStonewall_02_Occlusion.tga\nStonewall_02_Normals.tga\nStonewall_02_LOD_0_Normals.tga\nStonewall_02_LOD_1_Normals.tga\nStonewall_02_LOD_2_Normals.tga\nStonewall_02_LOD_3_Normals.tga\n____________\nStonewall_end_Diffuse.tga\nStonewall_end_Roughness.tga\nStonewall_end_Glossiness.tga\nStonewall_end_Metallic.tga\nStonewall_end_Occlusion.tga\nStonewall_end_Normals.tga\nStonewall_end_LOD_0_Normals.tga\nStonewall_end_LOD_1_Normals.tga\nStonewall_end_LOD_2_Normals.tga\nStonewall_end_LOD_3_Normals.tga\n\nAll of the maps are 4096x4096px","imageAlt":"3D asset Modular Stone 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Model is built to real-world scale\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- Previews rendered in 3ds Max 2014 using V-ray Adv 2.3. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpecial notes:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e- .obj format is recommended for import in other 3d software. If your software doesn't support .obj format, please use .3ds format; .obj, format was exported from 3ds Max. The geometry for .obj format is set to quads. \n- .max files can be loaded in 3ds Max 2012 or higher. 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Utilizing detailed roughness maps will capture delicate specular glints along the stone base and emphasize the dry, matte surface of the ancient clay roof tiles, instantly elevating the rich, historical atmosphere of your custom game levels.\n","imageAlt":"Traditional Chinese House 3D Model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/traditional-chinese-house-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pukfkdt791wl6lzbm5e8ujm2oerm/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/seedream-4.5_A_SINGLE_full_front_three-quarter_perspective_view_of_a_complete_Realistic_Tradi-0.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/pukfkdt791wl6lzbm5e8ujm2oerm/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/seedream-4.5_A_SINGLE_full_front_three-quarter_perspective_view_of_a_complete_Realistic_Tradi-0.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/traditional-chinese-house-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":117,"name":".gltf","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7230423/53b56a20f3/traditional-chinese-house-3d-model-3d-model-53b56a20f3.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"4171826","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4171826,"title":"Brick Stone Ruins Set Pbr Scan","price":25.0,"description":"A set of big ruin parts with which you can assemble quickly big abandoned villages.\n\nWorks well for old medieval/roman ruins.\n\nContains two 8K materials each containing:\n\n   -  Albedo\n   - Roughness\n   - Normal\n   - Displacement\n\n\nOriginal location of the ruins:\n\nThe ruins where scanned in Spain, north of Cordoba\n\n*The vegetation models in the preview renders are not included in the pack\n\nPlease let me know if something is not working as it should.","imageAlt":"3D asset Brick Stone Ruins Set Pbr Scan","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/brick-stone-ruins-set-pbr-scan","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/in1mwa0v9bka784bu8pduu0foft5/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/brick-stone-ruins-set-pbr-scan-3d-model-f9de100a7d.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/in1mwa0v9bka784bu8pduu0foft5/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/brick-stone-ruins-set-pbr-scan-3d-model-f9de100a7d.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/brick-stone-ruins-set-pbr-scan","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":true},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"scanned","subcategorySlug":"various","categoryTitle":"Scanned 3D Models","subcategoryTitle":"Various","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4171826/f9de100a7d/brick-stone-ruins-set-pbr-scan-3d-model-f9de100a7d.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"3035478","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":3035478,"title":"BROOKLYN BROWNSTONE REGULAR OLD BUILDING PACK - 7 BUILDING","price":40.0,"description":"7 model of a BROOKLYN BROWNSTONE REGULAR OLD BUILDING . really good model to use for film, VFX, or game. 4K texture included. PBR ready. normal maps, specular, roughness etc. no triangle or ngon. only quad. uv mapped. easy if you want to change the texture.(all pbr texture included in the pack). i use my model HIGHWAY AND ROAD ESSENTIAL PACK and in the video. be sure to check it out. i also sell destroyed version of this buildings. check out my page. thank you. Individually, these items cost $105\n\n\n","imageAlt":"BROOKLYN BROWNSTONE REGULAR OLD BUILDING PACK - 7 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/brooklyn-brownstone-regular-old-building-pack-7-building","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/BKPp2Y4zmpRtQRMdGveVx4in/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/brooklyn-brownstone-regular-old-building-pack-7-building-3d-model-obj-fbx-blend.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/BKPp2Y4zmpRtQRMdGveVx4in/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/brooklyn-brownstone-regular-old-building-pack-7-building-3d-model-obj-fbx-blend.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-model-packs/brooklyn-brownstone-regular-old-building-pack-7-building","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":true,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/3035478/05f37aaf31/brooklyn-brownstone-regular-old-building-pack-7-building-3d-model-05f37aaf31.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"6586629","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":6586629,"title":"Modern Brick Tower Building","price":10.09,"description":"This realistic midrise brick tower is a detailed 3D architectural model ideal for use in cityscape visualizations, games, simulations, and urban design projects.\n\nThe model features a classic red-brick facade, arched windows, and realistic glass reflections, enhanced by PBR materials and clean geometry. The lower floors are finished in white stone for elegant contrast, and the building is optimized for both close-up renders and real-time applications. \nClean quad-based topology\n\nPBR textures (Albedo, Normal, Roughness, AO)\n\nOptimized UV mapping\n\nRealistic window reflections and lighting setup","imageAlt":"3D model Modern Brick Tower Building","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/architectural-street/modern-brick-tower-building","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/mxvjuhb3dccwfq2q3pvat4nn48f8/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/Untitled%20-%20Copy%20%282%29.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/mxvjuhb3dccwfq2q3pvat4nn48f8/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/Untitled%20-%20Copy%20%282%29.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/architectural-street/modern-brick-tower-building","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"architectural-street","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Street","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/6586629/fdb21f2ff5/modern-brick-tower-building-3d-model-fdb21f2ff5.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"premium"}},{"id":"7167715","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7167715,"title":"Chinese Rural Brick House","price":2.69,"description":"This digital asset represents a traditional Chinese rural dwelling, optimized with an ultra-low count of 256 polygons and 350 vertices for maximum efficiency. The geometry captures essential architectural features, including the terracotta tiled roof, stone masonry base, brick infill walls, and wooden lattice windows. Designed specifically for mobile gaming, large-scale open-world environments, or distant background rendering, this asset allows for massive instancing to populate entire villages without impacting performance. Its simplified topology ensures fast loading times while maintaining distinct cultural silhouettes suitable for historical simulations or countryside landscape visualization.\n","imageAlt":"Chinese Rural Brick House","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/chinese-rural-brick-house","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vkixgp0dcljxna86071cfdzuu6n4/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/6.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vkixgp0dcljxna86071cfdzuu6n4/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/6.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/exterior/house/chinese-rural-brick-house","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":14,"name":".skp","is_native":true},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":189,"name":".ply","is_native":false},{"id":13,"name":".3dm","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":72,"name":".stp","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":null,"name":null,"is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"exterior","subcategorySlug":"house","categoryTitle":"Exterior","subcategoryTitle":"House","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7167715/1d6a892ac6/chinese-rural-brick-house-3d-model-1d6a892ac6.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"4283963","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":4283963,"title":"Game Ready Brick with holes in it","price":9.99,"description":"[ME.RROR Description] ME.RROR is a 3D Content PLATFORM which introduces various Asian assets to the 3D world #3DScanning #Photogrametry #ME.RROR #Retopology #Asian #oriental\n\n[General Information]\n\n• Model Formats: FBX, OBJ, MAX, BLEND\n\n• Model Details: Subdivision-ready / organized non-overlapping uvs\n\n---------- Objects, Polycount \u0026 UVs ----------\n\nObject count 1\n\nPolycount 3490\n\nVertex count 2381\n\nUV unwrapped (no overlapping UVs)\n\n---------- Included texture maps ----------\n\nDiffuse (jpg)\n\nOur goal is to always reach a high quality standard together, so if you feel like joining us, we'd be happy about your participation.\n\nIf you encounter any problems using this asset or setting up the materials, please feel free to contact us. We'd be glad to help you.","imageAlt":"3D model Game Ready Brick with holes in it","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/game-ready-brick","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":true,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/D2So2uPziXhoujXFAX4rTRoE/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/merror-287-1920x1080-0-background-logo.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/D2So2uPziXhoujXFAX4rTRoE/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/merror-287-1920x1080-0-background-logo.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/scanned/various/game-ready-brick","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":21,"name":".blend","is_native":false},{"id":17,"name":".max","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"scanned","subcategorySlug":"various","categoryTitle":"Scanned 3D Models","subcategoryTitle":"Various","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/4283963/71d8463941/game-ready-brick-with-holes-in-it-3d-model-71d8463941.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":true,"subscriptionSubscribed":true,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":"essentials"}},{"id":"7210685","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7210685,"title":" demolished factory 3D model","price":68.0,"description":"The Industrial Revolution, sometimes called the First Industrial Revolution in contrast to the subsequent Second Industrial Revolution, was a transitional period of the global economy toward more widespread, efficient and stable \n\nIt has been suggested that this article be split out into a new article titled Technologies of the Industrial Revolution. (Discuss) (February 2026)\nSeveral key factors enabled industrialisation. High agricultural productivity—exemplified by the British Agricultural Revolution—freed up labor and ensured food surpluses. The presence of skilled managers and entrepreneurs, an extensive network of ports, rivers, canals, and roads for efficient transport, and abundant natural resources such as coal, iron, and water power further supported industrial growth. Political stability, a legal system favorable to business, and access to financial capital also played crucial roles. Once industrialisation began in Britain in the 18th century, its spread was facilitated by the eagerness of British entrepreneurs to export industrial methods and the willingness of other nations to adopt them. By the early 19th century, industrialisation had reached Western Europe and the United States, and by the late 19th century, Japan.[26][27]\n\nImportant technological developments\nThe commencement of the Industrial Revolution is closely linked to a small number of innovations,[28] beginning in the second half of the 18th century. By the 1830s, the following gains had been made in important technologies:\n\nTextiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by water, and later steam, increased output per worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased output by a factor of 40.[29] The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50.[13] Large gains in productivity occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but were not as great as in cotton.[7]\nSteam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses.[7]: 82  The high-pressure engine had a high power-to-weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation.[14] Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800.\nIron-making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production.[7]: 89–93  Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces,[30][31] resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to power blast air in the 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power.[32] The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced structural grade iron at lower cost than the finery forge.[33] The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Developed in 1828, hot blast greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production.\nInvention of machine tools – the first machine tools were the screw-cutting lathe, the cylinder boring machine, and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took decades to develop effective techniques for making interchangeable parts.[34]\nTextile manufacture\nMain article: Textile manufacture during the British Industrial Revolution\nBritish textile industry\n\nWeaving with handlooms from William Hogarth's Industry and Idleness in 1747\nIn 1750, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton, most of which was spun and woven by the cottage industry in Lancashire. The work was done by hand in workers' homes or master weavers' shops. Wages were six times those in India in 1770 when productivity in Britain was three times higher.[35] In 1787, raw cotton consumption was 22 million pounds, most of which was cleaned, carded, and spun on machines.[7]: 41–42  The British textile industry used 52 million pounds of cotton in 1800, and 588 million pounds in 1850.[36]\n\nThe share of value added by the cotton industry in Britain was 2.6% in 1760, 17% in 1801, and 22% in 1831. Value added by the woollen industry was 14% in 1801. Cotton factories numbered about 900 in 1797. In 1760, approximately one-third of cotton cloth manufactured was exported, rising to two-thirds by 1800. In 1781, cotton spun amounted to 5 million pounds, which increased to 56 million pounds by 1800. In 1800, less than 0.1% of world cotton cloth was produced on machinery invented in Britain. In 1788, there were 50,000 spindles in Britain, rising to 7 million over the next 30 years.[35]\n\nWool\nThe earliest European attempts at mechanised spinning were with wool; however, wool spinning proved more difficult to mechanise than cotton. Productivity improvement in wool spinning during the Industrial Revolution was significant, but less than cotton.[7][37]\n\nSilk\n\nJohn Lombe's silk mill site today in Derby, rebuilt as Derby Silk Mill\nArguably the first highly mechanised factory was John Lombe's water-powered silk mill at Derby, operational by 1721. Lombe learned silk thread manufacturing by taking a job in Italy and acting as an industrial spy; however, because the Italian silk industry guarded its secrets, the state of the industry at that time is unknown. Although Lombe's factory was technically successful, the supply of raw silk from Italy was cut off to eliminate competition. To promote manufacturing, the Crown paid for models of Lombe's machinery which were exhibited in the Tower of London.[38][39]\n\nCotton\nParts of India, China, Central America, South America, and the Middle East have a history of hand-manufacturing cotton textiles, which became a major industry after 1000 AD. Most cotton was grown by small farmers alongside food and spun in households for domestic consumption. In the 1400s, China began to require households to pay part of their taxes in cotton cloth. By the 17th century, almost all Chinese wore cotton clothing, and it could be used as a medium of exchange. In India, cotton textiles were manufactured for distant markets, often produced by professional weavers.[35]\n\nCotton was a difficult raw material for Europe to obtain before it was grown on colonial plantations.[35] Spanish explorers found Native Americans growing sea island (Gossypium barbadense) and upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sea island cotton was exported from Barbados from the 1650s. Upland cotton was uneconomical because of the difficulty of removing seed, a problem solved by the cotton gin.[13]: 157  A strain of cotton seed brought from Mexico to Natchez, Mississippi, in 1806 became the parent genetic material for 90% of world production today; it produced bolls three to four times faster to pick","imageAlt":"demolished factory 3D model","url":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/demolished-factory-3d-model","isCLDApplicable":false,"isSaleOffApplicable":false,"gaAttributes":{},"primaryImage":{"gridFallbackUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vhc53c7mcu3keoidb7s23i588o1a/a26e47dab5f2d22c43d6c5ce4b4b46ecc30c70918878397cba1a10c1e35d7bfc/5.jpg","gridUrl":"https://media.cgtrader.com/variants/vhc53c7mcu3keoidb7s23i588o1a/78add9c2f02fbd73a43ffb3970be38683c5f15eff6ca849dc78c644f4ff9ce1b/5.webp","isAdultContent":false},"modelInfo":{"modelUrl":"https://www.cgtrader.com/3d-models/architectural/other/demolished-factory-3d-model","isCgtVerified":false,"types":{"printReady":false,"animated":false,"pbr":false,"rigged":false,"lowPoly":true}},"metaverseFormatsList":[{"id":5,"name":".fbx","is_native":false},{"id":25,"name":".dae","is_native":false},{"id":2,"name":".3ds","is_native":false},{"id":51,"name":".stl","is_native":false},{"id":12,"name":".obj","is_native":false},{"id":6,"name":".c4d","is_native":false},{"id":216,"name":".jpg","is_native":false},{"id":215,"name":".png","is_native":false}],"categorySlug":"architectural","subcategorySlug":"other","categoryTitle":"Architectural","subcategoryTitle":"Other","schemaImageUrl":"https://img-new.cgtrader.com/items/7210685/7785d3ecc6/demolished-factory-3d-model-3d-model-7785d3ecc6.webp","saleOffDiscount":0,"eligibleForSubscription":false,"subscriptionSubscribed":false,"subscriptionPotential":false,"subscriptionTierBand":null}},{"id":"7096221","type":"listingItem","attributes":{"id":7096221,"title":"Old brick factory ","price":39.0,"description":"model with interior. the gate opens. 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