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The anime is an adaptation of Urano's 1968 volleyball manga serialized in Weekly Margaret Magazine under the same name. Urano was considered one of the founders of shōjo anime and the series was introduced not only to push the older female manga fan base (as opposed to the significantly younger audience for magical girl series such as Sally the Witch) into the anime mainstream, but also capitalizes on the boom of the gold medal Japanese women's volleyball team in the 1964 Olympics. The show did stand out in an era dominated by shōnen adventures and sci-fi anime, and was well received in the anime-friendly television markets of France (as Les Attaquantes), Italy, (where it was originally retitled Quella magnifica dozzina and later Mimì e la nazionale di pallavolo, where Kozue was renamed Mimì) and Germany (where it was retitled as Mila Superstar, where Kozue was renamed Mila). The name Mila came from the immensely popular Italian version of 1984's Attacker You!, in which the main character, You Hazuki, was renamed Mila.

A direct sequel was also released in manga format called Shin Attack No.1 (New Attack No.1) in 1976, but it was short-lived. The sequel was later redrawn between 2004 and 2005 in a new style by Kanon Ozawa.