Theotokos[1][2][3][4], Mother of God[1][3], Virgin Mary[1], Blessed Virgin[2], Madonna[1] (~ third quarter of the 1st century BC - ≈ middle of the 1st century AD[5]; Aramaic, Old Hebrew מרים - Miriam, usually translated as strong[1], beautiful[6], and also as Lady[2][7]) - in Christianity: the mother of Jesus Christ[1], one of the most revered personalities and the greatest of the saints[2] (for those Christian denominations in which saints are venerated). In historical churches and a number of others, she is revered as the Mother of God[1][2] and the Queen of Heaven (Latin: Regina Caeli)[4].

The Bible does not use the term Theotokos, but Mary is referred to by name. According to the early parts of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke (Matt. 1:16–25 and Luke 1:26–56, Luke 2:1–7)[8], she was a Galilean[9] and Nazareth girl, betrothed to Joseph; while a virgin, she miraculously conceived Jesus through the Holy Spirit.[2]

Mariam (Arabic: مريم‎) is the only woman mentioned by name in the Quran (Surah 19). She miraculously gave birth to God's messenger and prophet Jesus. In Islam, she is known as Sayyidah Mariam (Lady Mariam) and is revered as one of the most righteous women.[10]